Merge pull request #44 from BlackMATov/dev

Dev

.github/workflows/lua5.1.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
-      - uses: leafo/gh-actions-lua@v11
+      - uses: leafo/gh-actions-lua@v12
         with:
           luaVersion: ${{matrix.lua_version}}
       - run: |

.github/workflows/lua5.2.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+name: lua5.2
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ${{matrix.operating_system}}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        lua_version: ["5.2"]
+        operating_system: ["ubuntu-latest", "macos-latest", "windows-latest"]
+    name: ${{matrix.operating_system}}-${{matrix.lua_version}}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
+      - uses: leafo/gh-actions-lua@v12
+        with:
+          luaVersion: ${{matrix.lua_version}}
+      - run: |
+          lua ./develop/all.lua

.github/workflows/lua5.3.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+name: lua5.3
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ${{matrix.operating_system}}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        lua_version: ["5.3"]
+        operating_system: ["ubuntu-latest", "macos-latest", "windows-latest"]
+    name: ${{matrix.operating_system}}-${{matrix.lua_version}}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
+      - uses: leafo/gh-actions-lua@v12
+        with:
+          luaVersion: ${{matrix.lua_version}}
+      - run: |
+          lua ./develop/all.lua

.github/workflows/lua5.4.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
-      - uses: leafo/gh-actions-lua@v11
+      - uses: leafo/gh-actions-lua@v12
         with:
           luaVersion: ${{matrix.lua_version}}
       - run: |

.github/workflows/luajit.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
-      - uses: leafo/gh-actions-lua@v11
+      - uses: leafo/gh-actions-lua@v12
         with:
           luaVersion: ${{matrix.lua_version}}
       - run: |

.luarc.json

@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@
         "ignoreDir": [
             ".vscode",
             "develop/3rdparty"
+        ],
+        "library": [
+            "${3rd}/love2d/library"
         ]
     }
 }

.vscode/launch.json

@@ -10,6 +10,24 @@
                 "file": "${workspaceFolder}/develop/all.lua"
             }
         },
+        {
+            "name": "Launch Evolved All (lua5.2)",
+            "type": "lua-local",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "program": {
+                "lua": "lua5.2",
+                "file": "${workspaceFolder}/develop/all.lua"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Launch Evolved All (lua5.3)",
+            "type": "lua-local",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "program": {
+                "lua": "lua5.3",
+                "file": "${workspaceFolder}/develop/all.lua"
+            }
+        },
         {
             "name": "Launch Evolved All (lua5.4)",
             "type": "lua-local",
@@ -19,6 +37,15 @@
                 "file": "${workspaceFolder}/develop/all.lua"
             }
         },
+        {
+            "name": "Launch Evolved All (lua5.5)",
+            "type": "lua-local",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "program": {
+                "lua": "lua5.5",
+                "file": "${workspaceFolder}/develop/all.lua"
+            }
+        },
         {
             "name": "Launch Evolved All (luajit)",
             "type": "lua-local",
@@ -27,6 +54,17 @@
                 "lua": "luajit",
                 "file": "${workspaceFolder}/develop/all.lua"
             }
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Launch Evolved Example (LÖVE)",
+            "type": "lua-local",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "program": {
+                "command": "love"
+            },
+            "args": [
+                "${workspaceFolder}/example"
+            ]
         }
     ]
 }

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-    "[json][jsonc][lua][markdown][yaml]": {
+    "[json][jsonc][lua][markdown][teal][yaml]": {
         "editor.formatOnSave": true,
         "files.insertFinalNewline": true,
         "files.trimFinalNewlines": true,
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
     "markdown.extension.toc.levels": "2..6",
     "markdown.extension.toc.omittedFromToc": {
         "README.md": [
-            "# Changelog",
             "# API Reference"
         ]
     }

LICENSE.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 MIT License
 
-Copyright (C) 2024-2025, by Matvey Cherevko (blackmatov@gmail.com)
+Copyright (C) 2024-2026, by Matvey Cherevko (blackmatov@gmail.com)
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

ROADMAP.md

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-# Roadmap
-
-## Backlog
-
-- Improve the performance of required fragments by caching first-level required chunks.
-- Improve the performance of builders that are used multiple times by caching hint chunks.
-- Queries can cache major chunks to avoid finding them every time.
-- Add a function to shrink storages to free unused memory.
-- observers and events
-- add INDEX fragment trait
-- use compact prefix-tree for chunks
-- optional ffi component storages
-
-## Thoughts
-
-- We can return deferred status from modifying operations and spawn/clone methods.
-- Should we make one builder:build method instead of :spawn and :clone?
-- Should we cache the result of without_unique_fragments to clone faster?

develop/GUIDES.md

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 1. Insert the new function into the `evolved` table in `evolved.lua`.
 2. Create tests for the function in `develop/testing/function_name_tests.lua`.
 3. Add the new test to `develop/all.lua`.
-4. Document the function in the **Cheat Sheet** and **API Reference** sections of `README.md`.
-5. Provide a description in the **Overview** section of `README.md`.
-6. Describe the update in the **Changelog** section of `README.md`.
+4. Update the Teal type definitions in `evolved.d.tl`.
+5. Document the function in the **Cheat Sheet** and **API Reference** sections of `README.md`.
+6. Provide a description in the **Overview** section of `README.md`.
+7. Describe the update in the **Changelog** section of `README.md`.

develop/ROADMAP.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Roadmap
+
+## Backlog
+
+- observers and events
+- add INDEX fragment trait
+- use compact prefix-tree for chunks
+
+## Thoughts
+
+- We should have a way to not copy components on deferred spawn/clone
+- Basic default component value as true looks awful, should we use something else?
+
+## Known Issues
+
+- Errors in hooks or rellocs/compmoves/mappers are cannot be handled properly right now

develop/all.lua

@@ -1,23 +1,35 @@
-require 'develop.samples.systems'
-
+require 'develop.testing.build_tests'
+require 'develop.testing.cancel_tests'
+require 'develop.testing.clone_tests'
+require 'develop.testing.depth_tests'
+require 'develop.testing.destroy_tests'
+require 'develop.testing.locate_tests'
+require 'develop.testing.lookup_tests'
+require 'develop.testing.main_tests'
+require 'develop.testing.mappers_tests'
 require 'develop.testing.multi_spawn_tests'
 require 'develop.testing.name_tests'
+require 'develop.testing.process_with_tests'
+require 'develop.testing.realloc_tests'
 require 'develop.testing.requires_fragment_tests'
+require 'develop.testing.spawn_tests'
 require 'develop.testing.system_as_query_tests'
 
-require 'develop.benchmarks.multi_clone_bmarks'
-require 'develop.benchmarks.multi_spawn_bmarks'
-
-require 'develop.untests'
-
-require 'develop.unbench'
-require 'develop.usbench'
+require 'develop.benchmarks.clone_bmarks'
+require 'develop.benchmarks.common_bmarks'
+require 'develop.benchmarks.destroy_bmarks'
+require 'develop.benchmarks.migration_bmarks'
+require 'develop.benchmarks.process_bmarks'
+require 'develop.benchmarks.spawn_bmarks'
+require 'develop.benchmarks.table_bmarks'
 
 local basics = require 'develop.basics'
 
 print '----------------------------------------'
 basics.describe_fuzz 'develop.fuzzing.destroy_fuzz'
 print '----------------------------------------'
+basics.describe_fuzz 'develop.fuzzing.execute_fuzz'
+print '----------------------------------------'
 basics.describe_fuzz 'develop.fuzzing.batch_destroy_fuzz'
 print '----------------------------------------'
 basics.describe_fuzz 'develop.fuzzing.explicit_fuzz'
@@ -27,3 +39,5 @@ print '----------------------------------------'
 basics.describe_fuzz 'develop.fuzzing.requires_fuzz'
 print '----------------------------------------'
 basics.describe_fuzz 'develop.fuzzing.unique_fuzz'
+
+print 'All tests passed.'

develop/benchmarks/clone_bmarks.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,535 @@
+local evo = require 'evolved'
+local basics = require 'develop.basics'
+
+evo.debug_mode(false)
+
+local N = 1000
+
+local F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 = evo.id(5)
+local D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 = evo.id(5)
+
+evo.set(D1, evo.DEFAULT, true)
+evo.set(D2, evo.DEFAULT, true)
+evo.set(D3, evo.DEFAULT, true)
+evo.set(D4, evo.DEFAULT, true)
+evo.set(D5, evo.DEFAULT, true)
+
+evo.set(D1, evo.DUPLICATE, function(v) return not v end)
+evo.set(D2, evo.DUPLICATE, function(v) return not v end)
+evo.set(D3, evo.DUPLICATE, function(v) return not v end)
+evo.set(D4, evo.DUPLICATE, function(v) return not v end)
+evo.set(D5, evo.DUPLICATE, function(v) return not v end)
+
+local QF1 = evo.builder():include(F1):spawn()
+local QD1 = evo.builder():include(D1):spawn()
+
+local RF1 = evo.builder():require(F1):spawn()
+local RF123 = evo.builder():require(F1, F2, F3):spawn()
+local RF12345 = evo.builder():require(F1, F2, F3, F4, F5):spawn()
+
+local RD1 = evo.builder():require(D1):spawn()
+local RD123 = evo.builder():require(D1, D2, D3):spawn()
+local RD12345 = evo.builder():require(D1, D2, D3, D4, D5):spawn()
+
+print '----------------------------------------'
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Simple Clone | %d entities with 1 component', N),
+    function()
+        local clone = evo.clone
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [F1] = true }
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            clone(prefab)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Simple Defer Clone | %d entities with 1 component', N),
+    function()
+        local clone = evo.clone
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [F1] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            clone(prefab)
+        end
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Simple Clone With Defaults | %d entities with 1 component', N),
+    function()
+        local clone = evo.clone
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [D1] = true }
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            clone(prefab)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Simple Clone | %d entities with 3 components', N),
+    function()
+        local clone = evo.clone
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true }
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            clone(prefab)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Simple Defer Clone | %d entities with 3 components', N),
+    function()
+        local clone = evo.clone
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            clone(prefab)
+        end
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Simple Clone With Defaults | %d entities with 3 components', N),
+    function()
+        local clone = evo.clone
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [D1] = true, [D2] = true, [D3] = true }
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            clone(prefab)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Simple Clone | %d entities with 5 components', N),
+    function()
+        local clone = evo.clone
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true, [F4] = true, [F5] = true }
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            clone(prefab)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Simple Defer Clone | %d entities with 5 components', N),
+    function()
+        local clone = evo.clone
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true, [F4] = true, [F5] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            clone(prefab)
+        end
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Simple Clone With Defaults | %d entities with 5 components', N),
+    function()
+        local clone = evo.clone
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [D1] = true, [D2] = true, [D3] = true, [D4] = true, [D5] = true }
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            clone(prefab)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+print '----------------------------------------'
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Simple Clone | %d entities with 1 required component', N),
+    function()
+        local clone = evo.clone
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [RF1] = true }
+        evo.remove(prefab, F1)
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            clone(prefab)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Simple Defer Clone | %d entities with 1 required component', N),
+    function()
+        local clone = evo.clone
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [RF1] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            clone(prefab)
+        end
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Simple Clone With Defaults | %d entities with 1 required component', N),
+    function()
+        local clone = evo.clone
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [RD1] = true }
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            clone(prefab)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Simple Clone | %d entities with 3 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local clone = evo.clone
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [RF123] = true }
+        evo.remove(prefab, F1, F2, F3)
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            clone(prefab)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Simple Defer Clone | %d entities with 3 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local clone = evo.clone
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [RF123] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            clone(prefab)
+        end
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Simple Clone With Defaults | %d entities with 3 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local clone = evo.clone
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [RD123] = true }
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            clone(prefab)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Simple Clone | %d entities with 5 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local clone = evo.clone
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [RF12345] = true }
+        evo.remove(prefab, F1, F2, F3, F4, F5)
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            clone(prefab)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Simple Defer Clone | %d entities with 5 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local clone = evo.clone
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [RF12345] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            clone(prefab)
+        end
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Simple Clone With Defaults | %d entities with 5 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local clone = evo.clone
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [RD12345] = true }
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            clone(prefab)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+print '----------------------------------------'
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Multi Clone | %d entities with 1 component', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_clone_nr = evo.multi_clone_nr
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [F1] = true }
+
+        multi_clone_nr(N, prefab)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Multi Defer Clone | %d entities with 1 component', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_clone_nr = evo.multi_clone_nr
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [F1] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        multi_clone_nr(N, prefab)
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Multi Clone With Defaults | %d entities with 1 component', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_clone_nr = evo.multi_clone_nr
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [D1] = true }
+
+        multi_clone_nr(N, prefab)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Multi Clone | %d entities with 3 components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_clone_nr = evo.multi_clone_nr
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true }
+
+        multi_clone_nr(N, prefab)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Multi Defer Clone | %d entities with 3 components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_clone_nr = evo.multi_clone_nr
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        multi_clone_nr(N, prefab)
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Multi Clone With Defaults | %d entities with 3 components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_clone_nr = evo.multi_clone_nr
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [D1] = true, [D2] = true, [D3] = true }
+
+        multi_clone_nr(N, prefab)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Multi Clone | %d entities with 5 components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_clone_nr = evo.multi_clone_nr
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true, [F4] = true, [F5] = true }
+
+        multi_clone_nr(N, prefab)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Multi Defer Clone | %d entities with 5 components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_clone_nr = evo.multi_clone_nr
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true, [F4] = true, [F5] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        multi_clone_nr(N, prefab)
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Multi Clone With Defaults | %d entities with 5 components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_clone_nr = evo.multi_clone_nr
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [D1] = true, [D2] = true, [D3] = true, [D4] = true, [D5] = true }
+
+        multi_clone_nr(N, prefab)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+print '----------------------------------------'
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Multi Clone | %d entities with 1 required component', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_clone_nr = evo.multi_clone_nr
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [RF1] = true }
+
+        multi_clone_nr(N, prefab)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Multi Defer Clone | %d entities with 1 required component', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_clone_nr = evo.multi_clone_nr
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [RF1] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        multi_clone_nr(N, prefab)
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Multi Clone With Defaults | %d entities with 1 required component', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_clone_nr = evo.multi_clone_nr
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [RD1] = true }
+
+        multi_clone_nr(N, prefab)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Multi Clone | %d entities with 3 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_clone_nr = evo.multi_clone_nr
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [RF123] = true }
+
+        multi_clone_nr(N, prefab)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Multi Defer Clone | %d entities with 3 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_clone_nr = evo.multi_clone_nr
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [RF123] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        multi_clone_nr(N, prefab)
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Multi Clone With Defaults | %d entities with 3 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_clone_nr = evo.multi_clone_nr
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [RD123] = true }
+
+        multi_clone_nr(N, prefab)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Multi Clone | %d entities with 5 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_clone_nr = evo.multi_clone_nr
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [RF12345] = true }
+
+        multi_clone_nr(N, prefab)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Multi Defer Clone | %d entities with 5 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_clone_nr = evo.multi_clone_nr
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [RF12345] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        multi_clone_nr(N, prefab)
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Clone Benchmarks: Multi Clone With Defaults | %d entities with 5 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_clone_nr = evo.multi_clone_nr
+
+        local prefab = evo.spawn { [RD12345] = true }
+
+        multi_clone_nr(N, prefab)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)

develop/benchmarks/common_bmarks.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+local evo = require 'evolved'
+local basics = require 'develop.basics'
+
+local tiny = require 'develop.3rdparty.tiny'
+
+evo.debug_mode(false)
+
+local N = 1000
+
+print '----------------------------------------'
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Common Benchmarks: Tiny Entity Cycle | %d entities', N),
+    function(world)
+        world:update()
+    end, function()
+        local world = tiny.world()
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            world:addEntity({ a = 0 })
+        end
+
+        local A = tiny.processingSystem()
+        A.filter = tiny.requireAll('a')
+        A.process = function(_, e) world:addEntity({ b = e.a }) end
+        A.postProcess = function(_) world:refresh() end
+
+        local B = tiny.processingSystem()
+        B.filter = tiny.requireAll('b')
+        B.process = function(_, e) world:removeEntity(e) end
+        B.postProcess = function(_) world:refresh() end
+
+        world:addSystem(A)
+        world:addSystem(B)
+
+        world:refresh()
+
+        return world
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Common Benchmarks: Evolved Entity Cycle | %d entities', N),
+    function(world)
+        evo.process(world)
+    end, function()
+        local world = evo.builder()
+            :destruction_policy(evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY_DESTROY_ENTITY)
+            :spawn()
+
+        local a = evo.builder():set(world):spawn()
+        local b = evo.builder():set(world):spawn()
+
+        local query_a = evo.builder():set(world):include(a):spawn()
+        local query_b = evo.builder():set(world):include(b):spawn()
+
+        local prefab_a = evo.builder():prefab():set(world):set(a, 0):spawn()
+        local prefab_b = evo.builder():prefab():set(world):set(b, 0):spawn()
+
+        evo.multi_clone_nr(N, prefab_a)
+
+        evo.builder()
+            :set(world):group(world):query(query_a)
+            :execute(function(chunk, _, entity_count)
+                local as = chunk:components(a)
+                local entity_bs = evo.multi_clone(entity_count, prefab_b)
+                for i = 1, entity_count do evo.set(entity_bs[i], b, as[i]) end
+            end):spawn()
+
+        evo.builder()
+            :set(world):group(world):query(query_b)
+            :prologue(function()
+                evo.batch_destroy(query_b)
+            end):spawn()
+
+        return world
+    end, function(world)
+        evo.destroy(world)
+    end)
+
+print '----------------------------------------'
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Common Benchmarks: Tiny Simple Iteration | %d entities', N),
+    function(world)
+        world:update()
+    end, function()
+        local world = tiny.world()
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            world:addEntity({ a = 0, b = 0 })
+            world:addEntity({ a = 0, b = 0, c = 0 })
+            world:addEntity({ a = 0, b = 0, c = 0, d = 0 })
+            world:addEntity({ a = 0, b = 0, c = 0, e = 0 })
+        end
+
+        local AB = tiny.processingSystem()
+        AB.filter = tiny.requireAll('a', 'b')
+        AB.process = function(_, e) e.a, e.b = e.b, e.a end
+
+        local CD = tiny.processingSystem()
+        CD.filter = tiny.requireAll('c', 'd')
+        CD.process = function(_, e) e.c, e.d = e.d, e.c end
+
+        local CE = tiny.processingSystem()
+        CE.filter = tiny.requireAll('c', 'e')
+        CE.process = function(_, e) e.c, e.e = e.e, e.c end
+
+        world:addSystem(AB)
+        world:addSystem(CD)
+        world:addSystem(CE)
+
+        world:refresh()
+
+        return world
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Common Benchmarks: Evolved Simple Iteration | %d entities', N),
+    function(world)
+        evo.process(world)
+    end, function()
+        local world = evo.builder()
+            :destruction_policy(evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY_DESTROY_ENTITY)
+            :spawn()
+
+        local a = evo.builder():set(world):spawn()
+        local b = evo.builder():set(world):spawn()
+        local c = evo.builder():set(world):spawn()
+        local d = evo.builder():set(world):spawn()
+        local e = evo.builder():set(world):spawn()
+
+        local query_ab = evo.builder():set(world):include(a, b):spawn()
+        local query_cd = evo.builder():set(world):include(c, d):spawn()
+        local query_ce = evo.builder():set(world):include(c, e):spawn()
+
+        evo.multi_spawn_nr(N, { [world] = true, [a] = 0, [b] = 0 })
+        evo.multi_spawn_nr(N, { [world] = true, [a] = 0, [b] = 0, [c] = 0 })
+        evo.multi_spawn_nr(N, { [world] = true, [a] = 0, [b] = 0, [c] = 0, [d] = 0 })
+        evo.multi_spawn_nr(N, { [world] = true, [a] = 0, [b] = 0, [c] = 0, [e] = 0 })
+
+        evo.builder()
+            :set(world):group(world):query(query_ab)
+            :execute(function(chunk, _, entity_count)
+                local as, bs = chunk:components(a, b)
+                for i = 1, entity_count do as[i], bs[i] = bs[i], as[i] end
+            end):spawn()
+
+        evo.builder()
+            :set(world):group(world):query(query_cd)
+            :execute(function(chunk, _, entity_count)
+                local cs, ds = chunk:components(c, d)
+                for i = 1, entity_count do cs[i], ds[i] = ds[i], cs[i] end
+            end):spawn()
+
+        evo.builder()
+            :set(world):group(world):query(query_ce)
+            :execute(function(chunk, _, entity_count)
+                local cs, es = chunk:components(c, e)
+                for i = 1, entity_count do cs[i], es[i] = es[i], cs[i] end
+            end):spawn()
+
+        return world
+    end, function(world)
+        evo.destroy(world)
+    end)
+
+print '----------------------------------------'
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Common Benchmarks: Tiny Packed Iteration | %d entities', N),
+    function(world)
+        world:update()
+    end, function()
+        local world = tiny.world()
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            world:addEntity({ a = 0, b = 0, c = 0, d = 0, e = 0 })
+        end
+
+        local A = tiny.processingSystem()
+        A.filter = tiny.requireAll('a')
+        A.process = function(_, e) e.a = e.a * 2 end
+
+        local B = tiny.processingSystem()
+        B.filter = tiny.requireAll('b')
+        B.process = function(_, e) e.b = e.b * 2 end
+
+        local C = tiny.processingSystem()
+        C.filter = tiny.requireAll('c')
+        C.process = function(_, e) e.c = e.c * 2 end
+
+        local D = tiny.processingSystem()
+        D.filter = tiny.requireAll('d')
+        D.process = function(_, e) e.d = e.d * 2 end
+
+        local E = tiny.processingSystem()
+        E.filter = tiny.requireAll('e')
+        E.process = function(_, e) e.e = e.e * 2 end
+
+        world:addSystem(A)
+        world:addSystem(B)
+        world:addSystem(C)
+        world:addSystem(D)
+        world:addSystem(E)
+
+        world:refresh()
+
+        return world
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Common Benchmarks: Evolved Packed Iteration | %d entities', N),
+    function(world)
+        evo.process(world)
+    end, function()
+        local world = evo.builder()
+            :destruction_policy(evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY_DESTROY_ENTITY)
+            :spawn()
+
+        local a = evo.builder():set(world):spawn()
+        local b = evo.builder():set(world):spawn()
+        local c = evo.builder():set(world):spawn()
+        local d = evo.builder():set(world):spawn()
+        local e = evo.builder():set(world):spawn()
+
+        local query_a = evo.builder():set(world):include(a):spawn()
+        local query_b = evo.builder():set(world):include(b):spawn()
+        local query_c = evo.builder():set(world):include(c):spawn()
+        local query_d = evo.builder():set(world):include(d):spawn()
+        local query_e = evo.builder():set(world):include(e):spawn()
+
+        evo.multi_spawn_nr(N, { [world] = true, [a] = 0, [b] = 0, [c] = 0, [d] = 0, [e] = 0 })
+
+        evo.builder()
+            :set(world):group(world):query(query_a)
+            :execute(function(chunk, _, entity_count)
+                local as = chunk:components(a)
+                for i = 1, entity_count do as[i] = as[i] * 2 end
+            end):spawn()
+
+        evo.builder()
+            :set(world):group(world):query(query_b)
+            :execute(function(chunk, _, entity_count)
+                local bs = chunk:components(b)
+                for i = 1, entity_count do bs[i] = bs[i] * 2 end
+            end):spawn()
+
+        evo.builder()
+            :set(world):group(world):query(query_c)
+            :execute(function(chunk, _, entity_count)
+                local cs = chunk:components(c)
+                for i = 1, entity_count do cs[i] = cs[i] * 2 end
+            end):spawn()
+
+        evo.builder()
+            :set(world):group(world):query(query_d)
+            :execute(function(chunk, _, entity_count)
+                local ds = chunk:components(d)
+                for i = 1, entity_count do ds[i] = ds[i] * 2 end
+            end):spawn()
+
+        evo.builder()
+            :set(world):group(world):query(query_e)
+            :execute(function(chunk, _, entity_count)
+                local es = chunk:components(e)
+                for i = 1, entity_count do es[i] = es[i] * 2 end
+            end):spawn()
+
+        return world
+    end, function(world)
+        evo.destroy(world)
+    end)
+
+print '----------------------------------------'
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Common Benchmarks: Tiny Fragmented Iteration | %d entities', N),
+    function(world)
+        world:update()
+    end, function()
+        local world = tiny.world()
+
+        ---@type string[]
+        local chars = {}
+
+        for i = 1, 26 do
+            chars[i] = string.char(string.byte('a') + i - 1)
+        end
+
+        for i, char in ipairs(chars) do
+            for _ = 1, N do
+                world:addEntity({ [char] = i, data = i })
+            end
+        end
+
+        local Data = tiny.processingSystem()
+        Data.filter = tiny.requireAll('data')
+        Data.process = function(_, e) e.data = e.data * 2 end
+
+        local Last = tiny.processingSystem()
+        Last.filter = tiny.requireAll('z')
+        Last.process = function(_, e) e.z = e.z * 2 end
+
+        world:addSystem(Data)
+        world:addSystem(Last)
+
+        world:refresh()
+
+        return world
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Common Benchmarks: Evolved Fragmented Iteration | %d entities', N),
+    function(world)
+        evo.process(world)
+    end, function()
+        local world = evo.builder()
+            :destruction_policy(evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY_DESTROY_ENTITY)
+            :spawn()
+
+        local data = evo.spawn { [world] = true }
+        local chars = evo.multi_spawn(26, { [world] = true })
+
+        local query_data = evo.builder():set(world):include(data):spawn()
+        local query_z = evo.builder():set(world):include(chars[#chars]):spawn()
+
+        for i = 1, #chars do
+            evo.multi_spawn_nr(N, { [world] = true, [chars[i]] = i, [data] = i })
+        end
+
+        evo.builder()
+            :set(world):group(world):query(query_data)
+            :execute(function(chunk, _, entity_count)
+                local datas = chunk:components(data)
+                for i = 1, entity_count do datas[i] = datas[i] * 2 end
+            end):spawn()
+
+        evo.builder()
+            :set(world):group(world):query(query_z)
+            :execute(function(chunk, _, entity_count)
+                local zs = chunk:components(chars[#chars])
+                for i = 1, entity_count do zs[i] = zs[i] * 2 end
+            end):spawn()
+
+        return world
+    end, function(world)
+        evo.destroy(world)
+    end)

develop/benchmarks/destroy_bmarks.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+local evo = require 'evolved'
+local basics = require 'develop.basics'
+
+evo.debug_mode(false)
+
+local N = 1000
+
+print '----------------------------------------'
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Destroy Benchmarks: Acquire and Release %d ids', N),
+    function(tables)
+        local id = evo.id
+        local destroy = evo.destroy
+
+        for i = 1, N do
+            tables[i] = id()
+        end
+
+        for i = 1, N do
+            destroy(tables[i])
+        end
+    end, function()
+        return {}
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Destroy Benchmarks: Acquire and Release %d double ids', N),
+    function(tables)
+        local id = evo.id
+        local destroy = evo.destroy
+
+        for i = 1, N, 2 do
+            tables[i], tables[i + 1] = id(2)
+        end
+
+        for i = 1, N, 2 do
+            destroy(tables[i], tables[i + 1])
+        end
+    end, function()
+        return {}
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Destroy Benchmarks: Acquire and Release %d triple ids', N),
+    function(tables)
+        local id = evo.id
+        local destroy = evo.destroy
+
+        for i = 1, N, 3 do
+            tables[i], tables[i + 1], tables[i + 2] = id(3)
+        end
+
+        for i = 1, N, 3 do
+            destroy(tables[i], tables[i + 1], tables[i + 2])
+        end
+    end, function()
+        return {}
+    end)

develop/benchmarks/migration_bmarks.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+local evo = require 'evolved'
+local basics = require 'develop.basics'
+
+evo.debug_mode(false)
+
+local N = 1000
+
+local F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 = evo.id(5)
+
+local Q1 = evo.builder():include(F1):spawn()
+
+print '----------------------------------------'
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Migration Benchmarks: Defer Set | %d entities with 1 component', N),
+    function()
+        local id, set = evo.id, evo.set
+
+        evo.defer()
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            local e = id()
+            set(e, F1)
+        end
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Migration Benchmarks: Defer Set | %d entities with 3 components', N),
+    function()
+        local id, set = evo.id, evo.set
+
+        evo.defer()
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            local e = id()
+            set(e, F1)
+            set(e, F2)
+            set(e, F3)
+        end
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Migration Benchmarks: Defer Set | %d entities with 5 components', N),
+    function()
+        local id, set = evo.id, evo.set
+
+        evo.defer()
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            local e = id()
+            set(e, F1)
+            set(e, F2)
+            set(e, F3)
+            set(e, F4)
+            set(e, F5)
+        end
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
+    end)
+
+print '----------------------------------------'
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Migration Benchmarks: Simple Set | %d entities with 1 component', N),
+    function()
+        local id, set = evo.id, evo.set
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            local e = id()
+            set(e, F1)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Migration Benchmarks: Simple Set | %d entities with 3 components', N),
+    function()
+        local id, set = evo.id, evo.set
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            local e = id()
+            set(e, F1)
+            set(e, F2)
+            set(e, F3)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Migration Benchmarks: Simple Set | %d entities with 5 components', N),
+    function()
+        local id, set = evo.id, evo.set
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            local e = id()
+            set(e, F1)
+            set(e, F2)
+            set(e, F3)
+            set(e, F4)
+            set(e, F5)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
+    end)

develop/benchmarks/multi_clone_bmarks.lua

@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-local evo = require 'evolved'
-local basics = require 'develop.basics'
-
-evo.debug_mode(false)
-
-local N = 1000
-
-local F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 = evo.id(5)
-local Q1 = evo.builder():include(F1):spawn()
-
-print '----------------------------------------'
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('Multi Clone Benchmarks: Simple Clone | %d entities with 1 component', N),
-    function()
-        local clone = evo.clone
-
-        local prefab = evo.spawn { [F1] = true }
-
-        for _ = 1, N do
-            clone(prefab)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('Multi Clone Benchmarks: Simple Clone | %d entities with 5 components', N),
-    function()
-        local clone = evo.clone
-
-        local prefab = evo.spawn { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true, [F4] = true, [F5] = true }
-
-        for _ = 1, N do
-            clone(prefab)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('Multi Clone Benchmarks: Multi Clone | %d entities with 1 component', N),
-    function()
-        local multi_clone = evo.multi_clone
-
-        local prefab = evo.spawn { [F1] = true }
-
-        multi_clone(N, prefab)
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('Multi Clone Benchmarks: Multi Clone | %d entities with 5 components', N),
-    function()
-        local multi_clone = evo.multi_clone
-
-        local prefab = evo.spawn { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true, [F4] = true, [F5] = true }
-
-        multi_clone(N, prefab)
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end)

develop/benchmarks/multi_spawn_bmarks.lua

@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-local evo = require 'evolved'
-local basics = require 'develop.basics'
-
-evo.debug_mode(false)
-
-local N = 1000
-
-local F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 = evo.id(5)
-local Q1 = evo.builder():include(F1):spawn()
-
-print '----------------------------------------'
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('Multi Spawn Benchmarks: Simple Spawn | %d entities with 1 component', N),
-    function()
-        local spawn = evo.spawn
-
-        local components = { [F1] = true }
-
-        for _ = 1, N do
-            spawn(components)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('Multi Spawn Benchmarks: Simple Spawn | %d entities with 5 components', N),
-    function()
-        local spawn = evo.spawn
-
-        local components = { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true, [F4] = true, [F5] = true }
-
-        for _ = 1, N do
-            spawn(components)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('Multi Spawn Benchmarks: Multi Spawn | %d entities with 1 component', N),
-    function()
-        local multi_spawn = evo.multi_spawn
-
-        local components = { [F1] = true }
-
-        multi_spawn(N, components)
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('Multi Spawn Benchmarks: Multi Spawn | %d entities with 5 components', N),
-    function()
-        local multi_spawn = evo.multi_spawn
-
-        local components = { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true, [F4] = true, [F5] = true }
-
-        multi_spawn(N, components)
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end)

develop/benchmarks/process_bmarks.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+local evo = require 'evolved'
+local basics = require 'develop.basics'
+
+evo.debug_mode(false)
+
+local N = 10000
+
+print '----------------------------------------'
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Process Benchmarks: Evolved AoS Processing | %d entities', N),
+    function(w)
+        evo.process(w)
+    end,
+
+    function()
+        local wf = evo.builder()
+            :set(evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY, evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY_DESTROY_ENTITY)
+            :spawn()
+
+        local pf = evo.builder():set(wf):spawn()
+        local vf = evo.builder():set(wf):spawn()
+
+        evo.multi_spawn_nr(N, {
+            [wf] = true,
+            [pf] = { x = 0, y = 0, z = 0, w = 0 },
+            [vf] = { x = 0, y = 0, z = 0, w = 0 },
+        })
+
+        evo.builder()
+            :set(wf)
+            :set(evo.GROUP, wf)
+            :set(evo.QUERY, evo.builder():set(wf):include(pf, vf):spawn())
+            :set(evo.EXECUTE, function(chunk, _, entity_count)
+                local ps, vs = chunk:components(pf, vf)
+
+                for i = 1, entity_count do
+                    local p, s = ps[i], vs[i]
+                    p.x = p.x + s.x
+                    p.y = p.y + s.y
+                end
+            end)
+            :spawn()
+
+        return wf
+    end,
+
+    function(w)
+        evo.destroy(w)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Process Benchmarks: Evolved SoA Processing | %d entities', N),
+    function(w)
+        evo.process(w)
+    end,
+
+    function()
+        local wf = evo.builder()
+            :set(evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY, evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY_DESTROY_ENTITY)
+            :spawn()
+
+        local pxf = evo.builder():set(wf):spawn()
+        local pyf = evo.builder():set(wf):spawn()
+        local pzf = evo.builder():set(wf):spawn()
+        local pwf = evo.builder():set(wf):spawn()
+        local vxf = evo.builder():set(wf):spawn()
+        local vyf = evo.builder():set(wf):spawn()
+        local vzf = evo.builder():set(wf):spawn()
+        local vwf = evo.builder():set(wf):spawn()
+
+        evo.multi_spawn_nr(N, {
+            [wf] = true,
+            [pxf] = 0,
+            [pyf] = 0,
+            [pzf] = 0,
+            [pwf] = 0,
+            [vxf] = 0,
+            [vyf] = 0,
+            [vzf] = 0,
+            [vwf] = 0,
+        })
+
+        evo.builder()
+            :set(wf)
+            :set(evo.GROUP, wf)
+            :set(evo.QUERY, evo.builder():set(wf):include(pxf, pyf, vxf, vyf):spawn())
+            :set(evo.EXECUTE, function(chunk, _, entity_count)
+                local pxs, pys = chunk:components(pxf, pyf)
+                local vxs, vys = chunk:components(vxf, vyf)
+
+                for i = 1, entity_count do
+                    pxs[i] = pxs[i] + vxs[i]
+                    pys[i] = pys[i] + vys[i]
+                end
+            end)
+            :spawn()
+
+        return wf
+    end,
+
+    function(w)
+        evo.destroy(w)
+    end)

develop/benchmarks/spawn_bmarks.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,764 @@
+local evo = require 'evolved'
+local basics = require 'develop.basics'
+
+evo.debug_mode(false)
+
+local N = 1000
+
+local F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 = evo.id(5)
+local D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 = evo.id(5)
+
+evo.set(D1, evo.DEFAULT, true)
+evo.set(D2, evo.DEFAULT, true)
+evo.set(D3, evo.DEFAULT, true)
+evo.set(D4, evo.DEFAULT, true)
+evo.set(D5, evo.DEFAULT, true)
+
+evo.set(D1, evo.DUPLICATE, function(v) return not v end)
+evo.set(D2, evo.DUPLICATE, function(v) return not v end)
+evo.set(D3, evo.DUPLICATE, function(v) return not v end)
+evo.set(D4, evo.DUPLICATE, function(v) return not v end)
+evo.set(D5, evo.DUPLICATE, function(v) return not v end)
+
+local QF1 = evo.builder():include(F1):spawn()
+local QD1 = evo.builder():include(D1):spawn()
+
+local RF1 = evo.builder():require(F1):spawn()
+local RF123 = evo.builder():require(F1, F2, F3):spawn()
+local RF12345 = evo.builder():require(F1, F2, F3, F4, F5):spawn()
+
+local RD1 = evo.builder():require(D1):spawn()
+local RD123 = evo.builder():require(D1, D2, D3):spawn()
+local RD12345 = evo.builder():require(D1, D2, D3, D4, D5):spawn()
+
+print '----------------------------------------'
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Simple Spawn | %d entities with 1 component', N),
+    function()
+        local spawn = evo.spawn
+
+        local components = { [F1] = true }
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            spawn(components)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Simple Defer Spawn | %d entities with 1 component', N),
+    function()
+        local spawn = evo.spawn
+
+        local components = { [F1] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            spawn(components)
+        end
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Simple Spawn With Defaults | %d entities with 1 component', N),
+    function()
+        local spawn = evo.spawn
+
+        local components = { [D1] = true }
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            spawn(components)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Simple Spawn | %d entities with 3 components', N),
+    function()
+        local spawn = evo.spawn
+
+        local components = { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true }
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            spawn(components)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Simple Defer Spawn | %d entities with 3 components', N),
+    function()
+        local spawn = evo.spawn
+
+        local components = { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            spawn(components)
+        end
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Simple Spawn With Defaults | %d entities with 3 components', N),
+    function()
+        local spawn = evo.spawn
+
+        local components = { [D1] = true, [D2] = true, [D3] = true }
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            spawn(components)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Simple Spawn | %d entities with 5 components', N),
+    function()
+        local spawn = evo.spawn
+
+        local components = { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true, [F4] = true, [F5] = true }
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            spawn(components)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Simple Defer Spawn | %d entities with 5 components', N),
+    function()
+        local spawn = evo.spawn
+
+        local components = { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true, [F4] = true, [F5] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            spawn(components)
+        end
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Simple Spawn With Defaults | %d entities with 5 components', N),
+    function()
+        local spawn = evo.spawn
+
+        local components = { [D1] = true, [D2] = true, [D3] = true, [D4] = true, [D5] = true }
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            spawn(components)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+print '----------------------------------------'
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Simple Spawn | %d entities with 1 required component', N),
+    function()
+        local spawn = evo.spawn
+
+        local components = { [RF1] = true }
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            spawn(components)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Simple Defer Spawn | %d entities with 1 required component', N),
+    function()
+        local spawn = evo.spawn
+
+        local components = { [RF1] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            spawn(components)
+        end
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Simple Spawn With Defaults | %d entities with 1 required component', N),
+    function()
+        local spawn = evo.spawn
+
+        local components = { [RD1] = true }
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            spawn(components)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Simple Spawn | %d entities with 3 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local spawn = evo.spawn
+
+        local components = { [RF123] = true }
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            spawn(components)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Simple Defer Spawn | %d entities with 3 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local spawn = evo.spawn
+
+        local components = { [RF123] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            spawn(components)
+        end
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Simple Spawn With Defaults | %d entities with 3 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local spawn = evo.spawn
+
+        local components = { [RD123] = true }
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            spawn(components)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Simple Spawn | %d entities with 5 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local spawn = evo.spawn
+
+        local components = { [RF12345] = true }
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            spawn(components)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Simple Defer Spawn | %d entities with 5 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local spawn = evo.spawn
+
+        local components = { [RF12345] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            spawn(components)
+        end
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Simple Spawn With Defaults | %d entities with 5 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local spawn = evo.spawn
+
+        local components = { [RD12345] = true }
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            spawn(components)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+print '----------------------------------------'
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Builder Spawn | %d entities with 1 component', N),
+    function()
+        local builder = evo.builder():set(F1)
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            builder:spawn()
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Builder Defer Spawn | %d entities with 1 component', N),
+    function()
+        local builder = evo.builder():set(F1)
+
+        evo.defer()
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            builder:spawn()
+        end
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Builder Spawn With Defaults | %d entities with 1 component', N),
+    function()
+        local builder = evo.builder():set(D1)
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            builder:spawn()
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Builder Spawn | %d entities with 3 components', N),
+    function()
+        local builder = evo.builder():set(F1):set(F2):set(F3)
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            builder:spawn()
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Builder Defer Spawn | %d entities with 3 components', N),
+    function()
+        local builder = evo.builder():set(F1):set(F2):set(F3)
+
+        evo.defer()
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            builder:spawn()
+        end
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Builder Spawn With Defaults | %d entities with 3 components', N),
+    function()
+        local builder = evo.builder():set(D1):set(D2):set(D3)
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            builder:spawn()
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Builder Spawn | %d entities with 5 components', N),
+    function()
+        local builder = evo.builder():set(F1):set(F2):set(F3):set(F4):set(F5)
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            builder:spawn()
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Builder Defer Spawn | %d entities with 5 components', N),
+    function()
+        local builder = evo.builder():set(F1):set(F2):set(F3):set(F4):set(F5)
+
+        evo.defer()
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            builder:spawn()
+        end
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Builder Spawn With Defaults | %d entities with 5 components', N),
+    function()
+        local builder = evo.builder():set(D1):set(D2):set(D3):set(D4):set(D5)
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            builder:spawn()
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+print '----------------------------------------'
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Builder Spawn | %d entities with 1 required component', N),
+    function()
+        local builder = evo.builder():set(RF1)
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            builder:spawn()
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Builder Defer Spawn | %d entities with 1 required component', N),
+    function()
+        local builder = evo.builder():set(RF1)
+
+        evo.defer()
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            builder:spawn()
+        end
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Builder Spawn With Defaults | %d entities with 1 required component', N),
+    function()
+        local builder = evo.builder():set(RD1)
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            builder:spawn()
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Builder Spawn | %d entities with 3 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local builder = evo.builder():set(RF123)
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            builder:spawn()
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Builder Defer Spawn | %d entities with 3 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local builder = evo.builder():set(RF123)
+
+        evo.defer()
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            builder:spawn()
+        end
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Builder Spawn With Defaults | %d entities with 3 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local builder = evo.builder():set(RD123)
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            builder:spawn()
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Builder Spawn | %d entities with 5 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local builder = evo.builder():set(RF12345)
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            builder:spawn()
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Builder Defer Spawn | %d entities with 5 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local builder = evo.builder():set(RF12345)
+
+        evo.defer()
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            builder:spawn()
+        end
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Builder Spawn With Defaults | %d entities with 5 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local builder = evo.builder():set(RD12345)
+
+        for _ = 1, N do
+            builder:spawn()
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+print '----------------------------------------'
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Multi Spawn | %d entities with 1 component', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_spawn_nr = evo.multi_spawn_nr
+
+        local components = { [F1] = true }
+
+        multi_spawn_nr(N, components)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Multi Defer Spawn | %d entities with 1 component', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_spawn_nr = evo.multi_spawn_nr
+
+        local components = { [F1] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        multi_spawn_nr(N, components)
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Multi Spawn With Defaults | %d entities with 1 component', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_spawn_nr = evo.multi_spawn_nr
+
+        local components = { [D1] = true }
+
+        multi_spawn_nr(N, components)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Multi Spawn | %d entities with 3 components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_spawn_nr = evo.multi_spawn_nr
+
+        local components = { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true }
+
+        multi_spawn_nr(N, components)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Multi Defer Spawn | %d entities with 3 components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_spawn_nr = evo.multi_spawn_nr
+
+        local components = { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        multi_spawn_nr(N, components)
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Multi Spawn With Defaults | %d entities with 3 components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_spawn_nr = evo.multi_spawn_nr
+
+        local components = { [D1] = true, [D2] = true, [D3] = true }
+
+        multi_spawn_nr(N, components)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Multi Spawn | %d entities with 5 components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_spawn_nr = evo.multi_spawn_nr
+
+        local components = { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true, [F4] = true, [F5] = true }
+
+        multi_spawn_nr(N, components)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Multi Defer Spawn | %d entities with 5 components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_spawn_nr = evo.multi_spawn_nr
+
+        local components = { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true, [F4] = true, [F5] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        multi_spawn_nr(N, components)
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Multi Spawn With Defaults | %d entities with 5 components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_spawn_nr = evo.multi_spawn_nr
+
+        local components = { [D1] = true, [D2] = true, [D3] = true, [D4] = true, [D5] = true }
+
+        multi_spawn_nr(N, components)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+print '----------------------------------------'
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Multi Spawn | %d entities with 1 required component', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_spawn_nr = evo.multi_spawn_nr
+
+        local components = { [F1] = true }
+
+        multi_spawn_nr(N, components)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Multi Defer Spawn | %d entities with 1 required component', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_spawn_nr = evo.multi_spawn_nr
+
+        local components = { [F1] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        multi_spawn_nr(N, components)
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Multi Spawn With Defaults | %d entities with 1 required component', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_spawn_nr = evo.multi_spawn_nr
+
+        local components = { [D1] = true }
+
+        multi_spawn_nr(N, components)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Multi Spawn | %d entities with 3 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_spawn_nr = evo.multi_spawn_nr
+
+        local components = { [RF123] = true }
+
+        multi_spawn_nr(N, components)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Multi Defer Spawn | %d entities with 3 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_spawn_nr = evo.multi_spawn_nr
+
+        local components = { [RF123] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        multi_spawn_nr(N, components)
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Multi Spawn With Defaults | %d entities with 3 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_spawn_nr = evo.multi_spawn_nr
+
+        local components = { [RD123] = true }
+
+        multi_spawn_nr(N, components)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Multi Spawn | %d entities with 5 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_spawn_nr = evo.multi_spawn_nr
+
+        local components = { [RF12345] = true }
+
+        multi_spawn_nr(N, components)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Multi Defer Spawn | %d entities with 5 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_spawn_nr = evo.multi_spawn_nr
+
+        local components = { [RF12345] = true }
+
+        evo.defer()
+        multi_spawn_nr(N, components)
+        evo.commit()
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QF1)
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(
+    string.format('Spawn Benchmarks: Multi Spawn With Defaults | %d entities with 5 required components', N),
+    function()
+        local multi_spawn_nr = evo.multi_spawn_nr
+
+        local components = { [RD12345] = true }
+
+        multi_spawn_nr(N, components)
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(QD1)
+    end)

develop/benchmarks/table_bmarks.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+local evo = require 'evolved'
+local basics = require 'develop.basics'
+
+evo.debug_mode(false)
+
+local N = 1000
+
+local F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 = evo.id(5)
+
+print '----------------------------------------'
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Table Benchmarks: Allocate %d tables', N),
+    function(tables)
+        for i = 1, N do
+            local t = {}
+            tables[i] = t
+        end
+    end, function()
+        return {}
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Table Benchmarks: Allocate and Collect %d tables', N),
+    function(tables)
+        for i = 1, N do
+            local t = {}
+            tables[i] = t
+        end
+
+        for i = 1, N do
+            tables[i] = nil
+        end
+
+        collectgarbage('collect')
+    end, function()
+        return {}
+    end)
+
+print '----------------------------------------'
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Table Benchmarks: Allocate %d tables with 1 component / AoS', N),
+    function(tables)
+        for i = 1, N do
+            local e = {}
+            e[F1] = true
+            tables[i] = e
+        end
+    end, function()
+        return {}
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Table Benchmarks: Allocate %d tables with 3 components / AoS', N),
+    function(tables)
+        for i = 1, N do
+            local e = {}
+            e[F1] = true
+            e[F2] = true
+            e[F3] = true
+            tables[i] = e
+        end
+    end, function()
+        return {}
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Table Benchmarks: Allocate %d tables with 5 components / AoS', N),
+    function(tables)
+        for i = 1, N do
+            local e = {}
+            e[F1] = true
+            e[F2] = true
+            e[F3] = true
+            e[F4] = true
+            e[F5] = true
+            tables[i] = e
+        end
+    end, function()
+        return {}
+    end)
+
+print '----------------------------------------'
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Table Benchmarks: Allocate %d tables with 1 component / SoA', N),
+    function(tables)
+        local fs1 = {}
+        for i = 1, N do
+            local e = {}
+            fs1[i] = true
+            tables[i] = e
+        end
+        tables[F1] = fs1
+    end, function()
+        return {}
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Table Benchmarks: Allocate %d tables with 3 components / SoA', N),
+    function(tables)
+        local fs1 = {}
+        local fs2 = {}
+        local fs3 = {}
+        for i = 1, N do
+            local e = {}
+            fs1[i] = true
+            fs2[i] = true
+            fs3[i] = true
+            tables[i] = e
+        end
+        tables[F1] = fs1
+        tables[F2] = fs2
+        tables[F3] = fs3
+    end, function()
+        return {}
+    end)
+
+basics.describe_bench(string.format('Table Benchmarks: Allocate %d tables with 5 components / SoA', N),
+    function(tables)
+        local fs1 = {}
+        local fs2 = {}
+        local fs3 = {}
+        local fs4 = {}
+        local fs5 = {}
+        for i = 1, N do
+            local e = {}
+            fs1[i] = true
+            fs2[i] = true
+            fs3[i] = true
+            fs4[i] = true
+            fs5[i] = true
+            tables[i] = e
+        end
+        tables[F1] = fs1
+        tables[F2] = fs2
+        tables[F3] = fs3
+        tables[F4] = fs4
+        tables[F5] = fs5
+    end, function()
+        return {}
+    end)

develop/fuzzing/batch_destroy_fuzz.lua

@@ -118,11 +118,11 @@ end
 ---
 
 if math.random(1, 2) == 1 then
-    evo.collect_garbage()
+    evo.collect_garbage(math.random(1, 2) == 1)
 end
 
 evo.destroy(__table_unpack(all_entity_list))
 
 if math.random(1, 2) == 1 then
-    evo.collect_garbage()
+    evo.collect_garbage(math.random(1, 2) == 1)
 end

develop/fuzzing/destroy_fuzz.lua

@@ -124,11 +124,11 @@ end
 ---
 
 if math.random(1, 2) == 1 then
-    evo.collect_garbage()
+    evo.collect_garbage(math.random(1, 2) == 1)
 end
 
 evo.destroy(__table_unpack(all_entity_list))
 
 if math.random(1, 2) == 1 then
-    evo.collect_garbage()
+    evo.collect_garbage(math.random(1, 2) == 1)
 end

develop/fuzzing/execute_fuzz.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+local evo = require 'evolved'
+
+evo.debug_mode(true)
+
+---
+---
+---
+---
+---
+
+local __table_unpack = (function()
+    ---@diagnostic disable-next-line: deprecated
+    return table.unpack or unpack
+end)()
+
+---
+---
+---
+---
+---
+
+local all_fragment_list = {} ---@type evolved.fragment[]
+
+for i = 1, math.random(1, 10) do
+    local fragment = evo.id()
+    all_fragment_list[i] = fragment
+end
+
+---@param query evolved.query
+local function generate_query(query)
+    local include_set = {}
+    local include_list = {}
+    local include_count = 0
+
+    for _ = 1, math.random(0, #all_fragment_list) do
+        local include = all_fragment_list[math.random(1, #all_fragment_list)]
+
+        if not include_set[include] then
+            include_count = include_count + 1
+            include_set[include] = include_count
+            include_list[include_count] = include
+        end
+    end
+
+    local exclude_set = {}
+    local exclude_list = {}
+    local exclude_count = 0
+
+    for _ = 1, math.random(0, #all_fragment_list) do
+        local exclude = all_fragment_list[math.random(1, #all_fragment_list)]
+
+        if not exclude_set[exclude] then
+            exclude_count = exclude_count + 1
+            exclude_set[exclude] = exclude_count
+            exclude_list[exclude_count] = exclude
+        end
+    end
+
+    local variant_set = {}
+    local variant_list = {}
+    local variant_count = 0
+
+    for _ = 1, math.random(0, #all_fragment_list) do
+        local variant = all_fragment_list[math.random(1, #all_fragment_list)]
+
+        if not variant_set[variant] then
+            variant_count = variant_count + 1
+            variant_set[variant] = variant_count
+            variant_list[variant_count] = variant
+        end
+    end
+
+    if include_count > 0 then
+        evo.set(query, evo.INCLUDES, include_list)
+    end
+
+    if exclude_count > 0 then
+        evo.set(query, evo.EXCLUDES, exclude_list)
+    end
+
+    if variant_count > 0 then
+        evo.set(query, evo.VARIANTS, variant_list)
+    end
+end
+
+---@param query_count integer
+---@return evolved.query[] query_list
+---@return integer query_count
+---@nodiscard
+local function generate_queries(query_count)
+    local query_list = {} ---@type evolved.query[]
+
+    for i = 1, query_count do
+        local query = evo.id()
+        query_list[i] = query
+        generate_query(query)
+    end
+
+    return query_list, query_count
+end
+
+---@param entity evolved.entity
+local function generate_entity(entity)
+    for _ = 0, math.random(0, #all_fragment_list) do
+        local fragment = all_fragment_list[math.random(1, #all_fragment_list)]
+        evo.set(entity, fragment)
+    end
+end
+
+---@param entity_count integer
+---@return evolved.entity[] entity_list
+---@return integer entity_count
+local function generate_entities(entity_count)
+    local entity_list = {} ---@type evolved.entity[]
+
+    for i = 1, entity_count do
+        local entity = evo.id()
+        entity_list[i] = entity
+        generate_entity(entity)
+    end
+
+    return entity_list, entity_count
+end
+
+local pre_query_list, pre_query_count = generate_queries(math.random(1, 10))
+local pre_entity_list, pre_entity_count = generate_entities(math.random(1, 10))
+
+for _ = 1, math.random(1, 5) do
+    local fragment = all_fragment_list[math.random(1, #all_fragment_list)]
+
+    evo.set(fragment, evo.EXPLICIT)
+end
+
+for _ = 1, math.random(1, 5) do
+    local query = pre_query_list[math.random(1, pre_query_count)]
+
+    if math.random(1, 2) == 1 then
+        generate_query(query)
+    else
+        if math.random(1, 2) == 1 then
+            evo.remove(query, evo.INCLUDES)
+        else
+            evo.remove(query, evo.EXCLUDES)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+local post_query_list, post_query_count = generate_queries(math.random(1, 10))
+local post_entity_list, post_entity_count = generate_entities(math.random(1, 10))
+
+---
+---
+---
+---
+---
+
+local all_query_list = {}
+local all_query_count = 0
+local all_entity_list = {}
+local all_entity_count = 0
+
+for i = 1, pre_query_count do
+    all_query_count = all_query_count + 1
+    all_query_list[all_query_count] = pre_query_list[i]
+end
+
+for i = 1, post_query_count do
+    all_query_count = all_query_count + 1
+    all_query_list[all_query_count] = post_query_list[i]
+end
+
+for i = 1, pre_entity_count do
+    all_entity_count = all_entity_count + 1
+    all_entity_list[all_entity_count] = pre_entity_list[i]
+end
+
+for i = 1, post_entity_count do
+    all_entity_count = all_entity_count + 1
+    all_entity_list[all_entity_count] = post_entity_list[i]
+end
+
+---
+---
+---
+---
+---
+
+local function execute_query(query)
+    local query_chunk_set = {}
+    local query_entity_set = {}
+
+    local query_include_list = evo.get(query, evo.INCLUDES) or {}
+    local query_exclude_list = evo.get(query, evo.EXCLUDES) or {}
+    local query_variant_list = evo.get(query, evo.VARIANTS) or {}
+
+    local query_include_count = #query_include_list
+    local query_exclude_count = #query_exclude_list
+    local query_variant_count = #query_variant_list
+
+    local query_include_set = {}
+    for _, include in ipairs(query_include_list) do
+        query_include_set[include] = true
+    end
+
+    local query_variant_set = {}
+    for _, variant in ipairs(query_variant_list) do
+        query_variant_set[variant] = true
+    end
+
+    for chunk, entity_list, entity_count in evo.execute(query) do
+        assert(not query_chunk_set[chunk])
+        query_chunk_set[chunk] = true
+
+        for i = 1, entity_count do
+            local entity = entity_list[i]
+            assert(not query_entity_set[entity])
+            query_entity_set[entity] = true
+        end
+
+        if query_include_count > 0 then
+            assert(chunk:has_all(__table_unpack(query_include_list)))
+        end
+
+        if query_exclude_count > 0 then
+            assert(not chunk:has_any(__table_unpack(query_exclude_list)))
+        end
+
+        if query_variant_count > 0 then
+            assert(chunk:has_any(__table_unpack(query_variant_list)))
+        end
+    end
+
+    for i = 1, all_entity_count do
+        local entity = all_entity_list[i]
+
+        local is_entity_matched =
+            (query_variant_count == 0 or evo.has_any(entity, __table_unpack(query_variant_list))) and
+            (query_include_count == 0 or evo.has_all(entity, __table_unpack(query_include_list))) and
+            (query_exclude_count == 0 or not evo.has_any(entity, __table_unpack(query_exclude_list)))
+
+        for fragment in evo.each(entity) do
+            if evo.has(fragment, evo.EXPLICIT) and not query_variant_set[fragment] and not query_include_set[fragment] then
+                is_entity_matched = false
+            end
+        end
+
+        if is_entity_matched then
+            assert(query_entity_set[entity])
+        else
+            assert(not query_entity_set[entity])
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+for i = 1, all_query_count do
+    execute_query(all_query_list[i])
+end
+
+---
+---
+---
+---
+---
+
+for _ = 1, math.random(1, 5) do
+    local fragment = all_fragment_list[math.random(1, #all_fragment_list)]
+
+    evo.set(fragment, evo.EXPLICIT)
+end
+
+for _ = 1, math.random(1, 5) do
+    local query = pre_query_list[math.random(1, pre_query_count)]
+
+    if math.random(1, 2) == 1 then
+        generate_query(query)
+    else
+        local r = math.random(1, 3)
+        if r == 1 then
+            evo.remove(query, evo.INCLUDES)
+        elseif r == 2 then
+            evo.remove(query, evo.EXCLUDES)
+        else
+            evo.remove(query, evo.VARIANTS)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+for i = 1, all_query_count do
+    execute_query(all_query_list[i])
+end
+
+---
+---
+---
+---
+---
+
+if math.random(1, 2) == 1 then
+    evo.collect_garbage(math.random(1, 2) == 1)
+end
+
+evo.destroy(__table_unpack(all_query_list))
+evo.destroy(__table_unpack(all_entity_list))
+evo.destroy(__table_unpack(all_fragment_list))
+
+if math.random(1, 2) == 1 then
+    evo.collect_garbage(math.random(1, 2) == 1)
+end

develop/fuzzing/explicit_fuzz.lua

@@ -78,11 +78,11 @@ end
 ---
 
 if math.random(1, 2) == 1 then
-    evo.collect_garbage()
+    evo.collect_garbage(math.random(1, 2) == 1)
 end
 
 evo.destroy(__table_unpack(all_entity_list))
 
 if math.random(1, 2) == 1 then
-    evo.collect_garbage()
+    evo.collect_garbage(math.random(1, 2) == 1)
 end

develop/fuzzing/requires_fuzz.lua

@@ -115,17 +115,17 @@ end
 if math.random(1, 2) == 1 then
     evo.destroy(__table_unpack(all_entity_list))
     if math.random(1, 2) == 1 then
-        evo.collect_garbage()
+        evo.collect_garbage(math.random(1, 2) == 1)
     end
     evo.destroy(__table_unpack(all_fragment_list))
 else
     evo.destroy(__table_unpack(all_fragment_list))
     if math.random(1, 2) == 1 then
-        evo.collect_garbage()
+        evo.collect_garbage(math.random(1, 2) == 1)
     end
     evo.destroy(__table_unpack(all_entity_list))
 end
 
 if math.random(1, 2) == 1 then
-    evo.collect_garbage()
+    evo.collect_garbage(math.random(1, 2) == 1)
 end

develop/fuzzing/unique_fuzz.lua

@@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ end
 ---
 
 if math.random(1, 2) == 1 then
-    evo.collect_garbage()
+    evo.collect_garbage(math.random(1, 2) == 1)
 end
 
 evo.destroy(__table_unpack(all_entity_list))
 
 if math.random(1, 2) == 1 then
-    evo.collect_garbage()
+    evo.collect_garbage(math.random(1, 2) == 1)
 end

develop/samples/systems.lua

@@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
----@diagnostic disable: unused-local
-
-local evo = require 'evolved'
-
-evo.debug_mode(true)
-
----@class evolved.vector2
----@field x number
----@field y number
-
----@param x number
----@param y number
----@return evolved.vector2
----@nodiscard
-local function vector2(x, y)
-    ---@type evolved.vector2
-    return { x = x, y = y }
-end
-
-local consts = {
-    delta_time = 0.016,
-    physics_gravity = vector2(0, 9.81),
-}
-
-local groups = {
-    awake = evo.spawn(),
-    physics = evo.spawn(),
-    graphics = evo.spawn(),
-    shutdown = evo.spawn(),
-}
-
-local fragments = {
-    force = evo.spawn(),
-    position = evo.spawn(),
-    velocity = evo.spawn(),
-}
-
-local queries = {
-    physics_bodies = evo.builder()
-        :include(fragments.force, fragments.position, fragments.velocity)
-        :spawn(),
-}
-
-local awake_system = evo.builder()
-    :group(groups.awake)
-    :prologue(function()
-        print '-= | Awake | =-'
-        evo.builder()
-            :set(fragments.force, vector2(0, 0))
-            :set(fragments.position, vector2(0, 0))
-            :set(fragments.velocity, vector2(0, 0))
-            :spawn()
-    end):spawn()
-
-local integrate_forces_system = evo.builder()
-    :group(groups.physics)
-    :query(queries.physics_bodies)
-    :execute(function(chunk, entities, entity_count)
-        local delta_time, physics_gravity =
-            consts.delta_time, consts.physics_gravity
-
-        ---@type evolved.vector2[], evolved.vector2[]
-        local forces, velocities = chunk:components(
-            fragments.force, fragments.velocity)
-
-        for i = 1, entity_count do
-            local force, velocity = forces[i], velocities[i]
-
-            velocity.x = velocity.x + (physics_gravity.x + force.x) * delta_time
-            velocity.y = velocity.y + (physics_gravity.y + force.y) * delta_time
-        end
-    end):spawn()
-
-local integrate_velocities_system = evo.builder()
-    :group(groups.physics)
-    :query(queries.physics_bodies)
-    :execute(function(chunk, entities, entity_count)
-        local delta_time =
-            consts.delta_time
-
-        ---@type evolved.vector2[], evolved.vector2[], evolved.vector2[]
-        local forces, positions, velocities = chunk:components(
-            fragments.force, fragments.position, fragments.velocity)
-
-        for i = 1, entity_count do
-            local force, position, velocity = forces[i], positions[i], velocities[i]
-
-            position.x = position.x + velocity.x * delta_time
-            position.y = position.y + velocity.y * delta_time
-
-            force.x = 0
-            force.y = 0
-        end
-    end):spawn()
-
-local graphics_system = evo.builder()
-    :group(groups.graphics)
-    :query(queries.physics_bodies)
-    :execute(function(chunk, entities, entity_count)
-        ---@type evolved.vector2[]
-        local positions = chunk:components(
-            fragments.position)
-
-        for i = 1, entity_count do
-            local entity, position = entities[i], positions[i]
-
-            print(string.format(
-                '|-> {entity %d} at {%.4f, %.4f}',
-                entity, position.x, position.y))
-        end
-    end):spawn()
-
-local shutdown_system = evo.builder()
-    :group(groups.shutdown)
-    :epilogue(function()
-        print '-= | Shutdown | =-'
-        evo.batch_destroy(queries.physics_bodies)
-    end):spawn()
-
-do
-    evo.process(groups.awake)
-
-    for _ = 1, 10 do
-        evo.process(groups.physics)
-        evo.process(groups.graphics)
-    end
-
-    evo.process(groups.shutdown)
-end

develop/testing/build_tests.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+local evo = require 'evolved'
+
+evo.debug_mode(true)
+
+do
+    local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+
+    do
+        local e = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):set(f2, 'hello'):build()
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 42)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 'hello')
+    end
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):build()
+        local e = evo.builder():set(f2, 'hello'):build(p)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 42)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 'hello')
+    end
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):set(f2, 'hello'):multi_build(5)
+        assert(entity_count == 5)
+
+        for i = 1, entity_count do
+            local e = entity_list[i]
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 42)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 'hello')
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):build()
+        local entity_list, entity_count = evo.builder():set(f2, 'hello'):multi_build(5, p)
+        assert(entity_count == 5)
+
+        for i = 1, entity_count do
+            local e = entity_list[i]
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 42)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 'hello')
+        end
+    end
+end

develop/testing/cancel_tests.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+local evo = require 'evolved'
+
+evo.debug_mode(true)
+
+do
+    assert(evo.defer())
+    assert(evo.cancel())
+end
+
+do
+    assert(evo.defer())
+    assert(not evo.defer())
+    assert(not evo.cancel())
+    assert(evo.commit())
+end
+
+do
+    assert(evo.defer())
+    assert(not evo.defer())
+    assert(not evo.cancel())
+    assert(evo.cancel())
+end
+
+do
+    assert(evo.defer())
+    assert(not evo.defer())
+    assert(not evo.cancel())
+    assert(not evo.defer())
+    assert(not evo.cancel())
+    assert(evo.commit())
+end
+
+do
+    local e, f = evo.id(2)
+
+    assert(evo.defer())
+    do
+        evo.set(e, f)
+        assert(not evo.has(e, f))
+    end
+    assert(evo.cancel())
+
+    assert(not evo.has(e, f))
+end
+
+do
+    local e, f1, f2 = evo.id(3)
+
+    assert(evo.defer())
+    do
+        evo.set(e, f1)
+        assert(not evo.has(e, f1))
+
+        assert(not evo.defer())
+        do
+            evo.set(e, f2)
+            assert(not evo.has(e, f2))
+        end
+        assert(not evo.cancel())
+    end
+    assert(evo.commit())
+
+    assert(evo.has(e, f1))
+    assert(not evo.has(e, f2))
+end
+
+do
+    local e, f1, f2 = evo.id(3)
+
+    assert(evo.defer())
+    do
+        evo.set(e, f1)
+        assert(not evo.has(e, f1))
+
+        assert(not evo.defer())
+        do
+            evo.set(e, f2)
+            assert(not evo.has(e, f2))
+        end
+        assert(not evo.cancel())
+    end
+    assert(evo.cancel())
+
+    assert(not evo.has(e, f1))
+    assert(not evo.has(e, f2))
+end
+
+do
+    local e, f1, f2 = evo.id(3)
+
+    assert(evo.defer())
+    do
+        evo.set(e, f1)
+        assert(not evo.has(e, f1))
+
+        assert(not evo.defer())
+        do
+            evo.set(e, f2)
+            assert(not evo.has(e, f2))
+        end
+        assert(not evo.commit())
+    end
+    assert(evo.cancel())
+
+    assert(not evo.has(e, f1))
+    assert(not evo.has(e, f2))
+end

develop/testing/clone_tests.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,561 @@
+local evo = require 'evolved'
+
+evo.debug_mode(true)
+
+do
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn()
+        local e = evo.clone(p)
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and evo.empty(e))
+    end
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn()
+        local e = evo.clone(p, {})
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and evo.empty(e))
+    end
+
+    do
+        local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+        evo.set(f1, evo.REQUIRES, { f2 })
+        evo.set(f2, evo.DEFAULT, 42)
+
+        local p = evo.spawn()
+        local e = evo.clone(p, { [f1] = 'hello' })
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and not evo.empty(e) and evo.locate(e) == evo.chunk(f1, f2))
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 'hello')
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 42)
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2, f3, f4 = evo.id(4)
+    evo.set(f1, evo.TAG)
+    evo.set(f1, evo.REQUIRES, { f2, f3 })
+    evo.set(f4, evo.UNIQUE)
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local e = evo.clone(p)
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and evo.empty(e))
+    end
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local e = evo.clone(p, {})
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and evo.empty(e))
+    end
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local e = evo.clone(p, { [f4] = 'another' })
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and not evo.empty(e) and evo.locate(e) == evo.chunk(f4))
+        assert(evo.has(e, f4) and evo.get(e, f4) == 'another')
+    end
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f2] = 100, [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local e = evo.clone(p, { [f4] = 'another' })
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and not evo.empty(e) and evo.locate(e) == evo.chunk(f2, f4))
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 100)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f4) and evo.get(e, f4) == 'another')
+    end
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f2] = 100, [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local e = evo.clone(p, { [f1] = 'hello', [f3] = 10 })
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and not evo.empty(e) and evo.locate(e) == evo.chunk(f1, f2, f3))
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 100)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3) == 10)
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    do
+        local f1, f2, f3, f4 = evo.id(4)
+        evo.set(f4, evo.TAG)
+
+        do
+            local p = evo.spawn { [f2] = 21, [f3] = 'hello', [f4] = true }
+            local e = evo.clone(p, { [f1] = 'world', [f2] = 10 })
+            assert(evo.alive(e) and not evo.empty(e) and evo.locate(e) == evo.chunk(f1, f2, f3, f4))
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 'world')
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 10)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3) == 'hello')
+            assert(evo.has(e, f4) and evo.get(e, f4) == nil)
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local f1, f2, f3, f4 = evo.id(4)
+        evo.set(f2, evo.DEFAULT, 42)
+        evo.set(f3, evo.DUPLICATE, function() return nil end)
+        evo.set(f4, evo.TAG)
+
+        do
+            local p = evo.spawn { [f2] = 21, [f3] = 'hello', [f4] = true }
+            local e = evo.clone(p, { [f1] = 'world', [f2] = 10 })
+            assert(evo.alive(e) and not evo.empty(e) and evo.locate(e) == evo.chunk(f1, f2, f3, f4))
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 'world')
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 10)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3) == true)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f4) and evo.get(e, f4) == nil)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2, f3, f4 = evo.id(4)
+    evo.set(f1, evo.TAG)
+    evo.set(f1, evo.REQUIRES, { f2, f3 })
+    evo.set(f2, evo.DEFAULT, 42)
+    evo.set(f2, evo.DUPLICATE, function(v) return v * 2 end)
+    evo.set(f3, evo.DUPLICATE, function() return nil end)
+    evo.set(f4, evo.UNIQUE)
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local e = evo.clone(p)
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and evo.empty(e))
+    end
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local e = evo.clone(p, {})
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and evo.empty(e))
+    end
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local e = evo.clone(p, { [f4] = 'another' })
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and not evo.empty(e) and evo.locate(e) == evo.chunk(f4))
+        assert(evo.has(e, f4) and evo.get(e, f4) == 'another')
+    end
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f2] = 100, [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local e = evo.clone(p, { [f4] = 'another' })
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and not evo.empty(e) and evo.locate(e) == evo.chunk(f2, f4))
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 200 * 2)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f4) and evo.get(e, f4) == 'another')
+    end
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f2] = 100, [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local e = evo.clone(p, { [f1] = 'hello', [f2] = 10 })
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and not evo.empty(e) and evo.locate(e) == evo.chunk(f1, f2, f3))
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 10 * 2)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3) == true)
+    end
+
+    local f1_set_count, f1_inserted_count = 0, 0
+    local f2_set_sum, f3_inserted_count = 0, 0
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.ON_SET, function(e, f, c)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == c)
+        f1_set_count = f1_set_count + 1
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.ON_INSERT, function(e, f, c)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == c)
+        f1_inserted_count = f1_inserted_count + 1
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f2, evo.ON_SET, function(e, f, c)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == c)
+        f2_set_sum = f2_set_sum + c
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f3, evo.ON_INSERT, function(e, f, c)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == c)
+        f3_inserted_count = f3_inserted_count + 1
+    end)
+
+    do
+        f1_set_count, f1_inserted_count = 0, 0
+        f2_set_sum, f3_inserted_count = 0, 0
+
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f2] = 100, [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local e = evo.clone(p, { [f1] = 'hello', [f2] = 10 })
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and not evo.empty(e) and evo.locate(e) == evo.chunk(f1, f2, f3))
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 10 * 2)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3) == true)
+
+        assert(f1_set_count == 1)
+        assert(f1_inserted_count == 1)
+        assert(f2_set_sum == 100 * 2 + 10 * 2)
+        assert(f3_inserted_count == 1)
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2, f3, f4 = evo.id(4)
+    evo.set(f1, evo.TAG)
+    evo.set(f1, evo.REQUIRES, { f2, f3 })
+    evo.set(f4, evo.UNIQUE)
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_clone(1, p)
+        assert(#es == 1 and ec == 1)
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and evo.empty(es[i]))
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_clone(2, p, {})
+        assert(#es == 2 and ec == 2)
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and evo.empty(es[i]))
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_clone(3, p, { [f4] = 'another' })
+        assert(#es == 3 and ec == 3)
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and not evo.empty(es[i]) and evo.locate(es[i]) == evo.chunk(f4))
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f4) and evo.get(es[i], f4) == 'another')
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f2] = 100, [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_clone(4, p, { [f4] = 'another' })
+        assert(#es == 4 and ec == 4)
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and not evo.empty(es[i]) and evo.locate(es[i]) == evo.chunk(f2, f4))
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 100)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f4) and evo.get(es[i], f4) == 'another')
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f2] = 100, [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_clone(5, p, { [f1] = 'hello', [f3] = 10 })
+        assert(#es == 5 and ec == 5)
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and not evo.empty(es[i]) and evo.locate(es[i]) == evo.chunk(f1, f2, f3))
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == nil)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 100)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f3) and evo.get(es[i], f3) == 10)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    do
+        local f1, f2, f3, f4 = evo.id(4)
+        evo.set(f4, evo.TAG)
+
+        do
+            local p = evo.spawn { [f2] = 21, [f3] = 'hello', [f4] = true }
+            local es, ec = evo.multi_clone(2, p, { [f1] = 'world', [f2] = 10 })
+            assert(#es == 2 and ec == 2)
+            for i = 1, ec do
+                assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and not evo.empty(es[i]) and evo.locate(es[i]) == evo.chunk(f1, f2, f3, f4))
+                assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == 'world')
+                assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 10)
+                assert(evo.has(es[i], f3) and evo.get(es[i], f3) == 'hello')
+                assert(evo.has(es[i], f4) and evo.get(es[i], f4) == nil)
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local f1, f2, f3, f4 = evo.id(4)
+        evo.set(f2, evo.DEFAULT, 42)
+        evo.set(f3, evo.DUPLICATE, function() return nil end)
+        evo.set(f4, evo.TAG)
+
+        do
+            local p = evo.spawn { [f2] = 21, [f3] = 'hello', [f4] = true }
+            local es, ec = evo.multi_clone(2, p, { [f1] = 'world', [f2] = 10 })
+            assert(#es == 2 and ec == 2)
+            for i = 1, ec do
+                assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and not evo.empty(es[i]) and evo.locate(es[i]) == evo.chunk(f1, f2, f3, f4))
+                assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == 'world')
+                assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 10)
+                assert(evo.has(es[i], f3) and evo.get(es[i], f3) == true)
+                assert(evo.has(es[i], f4) and evo.get(es[i], f4) == nil)
+            end
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2, f3, f4 = evo.id(4)
+    evo.set(f1, evo.TAG)
+    evo.set(f1, evo.REQUIRES, { f2, f3 })
+    evo.set(f2, evo.DEFAULT, 42)
+    evo.set(f2, evo.DUPLICATE, function(v) return v * 2 end)
+    evo.set(f3, evo.DUPLICATE, function() return nil end)
+    evo.set(f4, evo.UNIQUE)
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_clone(3, p)
+        assert(#es == 3 and ec == 3)
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and evo.empty(es[i]))
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_clone(3, p, {})
+        assert(#es == 3 and ec == 3)
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and evo.empty(es[i]))
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_clone(2, p, { [f4] = 'another' })
+        assert(#es == 2 and ec == 2)
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and not evo.empty(es[i]) and evo.locate(es[i]) == evo.chunk(f4))
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f4) and evo.get(es[i], f4) == 'another')
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f2] = 100, [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_clone(4, p, { [f4] = 'another' })
+        assert(#es == 4 and ec == 4)
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and not evo.empty(es[i]) and evo.locate(es[i]) == evo.chunk(f2, f4))
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 200 * 2)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f4) and evo.get(es[i], f4) == 'another')
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f2] = 100, [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_clone(5, p, { [f1] = 'hello', [f2] = 10 })
+        assert(#es == 5 and ec == 5)
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and not evo.empty(es[i]) and evo.locate(es[i]) == evo.chunk(f1, f2, f3))
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == nil)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 10 * 2)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f3) and evo.get(es[i], f3) == true)
+        end
+    end
+
+    local f1_set_count, f1_inserted_count = 0, 0
+    local f2_set_sum, f3_inserted_count = 0, 0
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.ON_SET, function(e, f, c)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == c)
+        f1_set_count = f1_set_count + 1
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.ON_INSERT, function(e, f, c)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == c)
+        f1_inserted_count = f1_inserted_count + 1
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f2, evo.ON_SET, function(e, f, c)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == c)
+        f2_set_sum = f2_set_sum + c
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f3, evo.ON_INSERT, function(e, f, c)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == c)
+        f3_inserted_count = f3_inserted_count + 1
+    end)
+
+    do
+        f1_set_count, f1_inserted_count = 0, 0
+        f2_set_sum, f3_inserted_count = 0, 0
+
+        local p = evo.spawn { [f2] = 100, [f4] = 'unique' }
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_clone(1, p, { [f1] = 'hello', [f2] = 10 })
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and not evo.empty(es[i]) and evo.locate(es[i]) == evo.chunk(f1, f2, f3))
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == nil)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 10 * 2)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f3) and evo.get(es[i], f3) == true)
+
+            assert(f1_set_count == 1)
+            assert(f1_inserted_count == 1)
+            assert(f2_set_sum == 100 * 2 + 10 * 2)
+            assert(f3_inserted_count == 1)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+    local p = evo.spawn { [f1] = 42, [f2] = 'hello' }
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = {}, 2
+        evo.multi_clone_to(entity_list, 1, entity_count, p)
+        assert(evo.has_all(entity_list[1], f1, f2))
+        assert(evo.has_all(entity_list[2], f1, f2))
+        assert(evo.get(entity_list[1], f1) == 42 and evo.get(entity_list[1], f2) == 'hello')
+        assert(evo.get(entity_list[2], f1) == 42 and evo.get(entity_list[2], f2) == 'hello')
+    end
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = {}, 2
+        evo.multi_clone_to(entity_list, 2, entity_count, p)
+        assert(evo.has_all(entity_list[2], f1, f2))
+        assert(evo.has_all(entity_list[3], f1, f2))
+        assert(evo.get(entity_list[2], f1) == 42 and evo.get(entity_list[2], f2) == 'hello')
+        assert(evo.get(entity_list[3], f1) == 42 and evo.get(entity_list[3], f2) == 'hello')
+    end
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = {}, 2
+        evo.defer()
+        evo.multi_clone_to(entity_list, 1, entity_count, p)
+        assert(entity_list[1] and entity_list[2])
+        assert(evo.empty_all(entity_list[1], entity_list[2]))
+        evo.commit()
+        assert(evo.has_all(entity_list[1], f1, f2))
+        assert(evo.has_all(entity_list[2], f1, f2))
+        assert(evo.get(entity_list[1], f1) == 42 and evo.get(entity_list[1], f2) == 'hello')
+        assert(evo.get(entity_list[2], f1) == 42 and evo.get(entity_list[2], f2) == 'hello')
+    end
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = {}, 2
+        evo.defer()
+        evo.multi_clone_to(entity_list, 2, entity_count, p)
+        assert(entity_list[2] and entity_list[3])
+        assert(evo.empty_all(entity_list[2], entity_list[3]))
+        evo.commit()
+        assert(evo.has_all(entity_list[2], f1, f2))
+        assert(evo.has_all(entity_list[3], f1, f2))
+        assert(evo.get(entity_list[2], f1) == 42 and evo.get(entity_list[2], f2) == 'hello')
+        assert(evo.get(entity_list[3], f1) == 42 and evo.get(entity_list[3], f2) == 'hello')
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+    local q12 = evo.builder():include(f1, f2):build()
+    local p = evo.spawn { [f1] = 42, [f2] = 'hello' }
+
+    do
+        assert(select('#', evo.multi_clone_nr(2, p)) == 0)
+
+        do
+            local entity_count = 0
+
+            for chunk in evo.execute(q12) do
+                local _, chunk_entity_count = chunk:entities()
+                entity_count = entity_count + chunk_entity_count
+            end
+
+            assert(entity_count == 3)
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local b = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):set(f2, 'hello')
+
+        assert(select('#', b:multi_clone_nr(2, p)) == 0)
+
+        do
+            local entity_count = 0
+
+            for chunk in evo.execute(q12) do
+                local _, chunk_entity_count = chunk:entities()
+                entity_count = entity_count + chunk_entity_count
+            end
+
+            assert(entity_count == 5)
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local b = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):set(f2, 'hello')
+
+        assert(select('#', b:multi_build_nr(2, p)) == 0)
+
+        do
+            local entity_count = 0
+
+            for chunk in evo.execute(q12) do
+                local _, chunk_entity_count = chunk:entities()
+                entity_count = entity_count + chunk_entity_count
+            end
+
+            assert(entity_count == 7)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+    local q12 = evo.builder():include(f1, f2):build()
+    local p = evo.spawn { [f1] = 42, [f2] = 'hello' }
+
+    do
+        local entity_list = {}
+        assert(select('#', evo.multi_clone_to(entity_list, 1, 2, p)) == 0)
+
+        do
+            local entity_count = 0
+
+            for chunk in evo.execute(q12) do
+                local _, chunk_entity_count = chunk:entities()
+                entity_count = entity_count + chunk_entity_count
+            end
+
+            assert(entity_count == 3)
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local b = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):set(f2, 'hello')
+
+        local entity_list = {}
+        assert(select('#', b:multi_clone_to(entity_list, 1, 2, p)) == 0)
+
+        do
+            local entity_count = 0
+
+            for chunk in evo.execute(q12) do
+                local _, chunk_entity_count = chunk:entities()
+                entity_count = entity_count + chunk_entity_count
+            end
+
+            assert(entity_count == 5)
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local b = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):set(f2, 'hello')
+
+        local entity_list = {}
+        assert(select('#', b:multi_build_to(entity_list, 1, 2, p)) == 0)
+
+        do
+            local entity_count = 0
+
+            for chunk in evo.execute(q12) do
+                local _, chunk_entity_count = chunk:entities()
+                entity_count = entity_count + chunk_entity_count
+            end
+
+            assert(entity_count == 7)
+        end
+    end
+end

develop/testing/depth_tests.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+local evo = require 'evolved'
+
+evo.debug_mode(true)
+
+do
+    assert(evo.depth() == 0)
+
+    assert(evo.defer())
+    assert(evo.depth() == 1)
+
+    assert(not evo.defer())
+    assert(evo.depth() == 2)
+
+    assert(not evo.cancel())
+    assert(evo.depth() == 1)
+
+    assert(evo.cancel())
+    assert(evo.depth() == 0)
+end
+
+do
+    assert(evo.depth() == 0)
+
+    assert(evo.defer())
+    assert(evo.depth() == 1)
+
+    assert(not evo.defer())
+    assert(evo.depth() == 2)
+
+    assert(not evo.commit())
+    assert(evo.depth() == 1)
+
+    assert(evo.commit())
+    assert(evo.depth() == 0)
+end
+
+do
+    assert(evo.depth() == 0)
+
+    assert(evo.defer())
+    assert(evo.depth() == 1)
+
+    assert(not evo.defer())
+    assert(evo.depth() == 2)
+
+    assert(not evo.cancel())
+    assert(evo.depth() == 1)
+
+    assert(evo.commit())
+    assert(evo.depth() == 0)
+end
+
+do
+    assert(evo.depth() == 0)
+
+    assert(evo.defer())
+    assert(evo.depth() == 1)
+
+    assert(not evo.defer())
+    assert(evo.depth() == 2)
+
+    assert(not evo.commit())
+    assert(evo.depth() == 1)
+
+    assert(evo.cancel())
+    assert(evo.depth() == 0)
+end

develop/testing/destroy_tests.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+local evo = require 'evolved'
+
+evo.debug_mode(true)
+
+do
+    local e = evo.id()
+    assert(evo.alive(e))
+
+    evo.destroy(e)
+    assert(not evo.alive(e))
+
+    evo.destroy(e)
+    assert(not evo.alive(e))
+end
+
+do
+    local e1, e2 = evo.id(2)
+    assert(evo.alive_all(e1, e2))
+
+    evo.destroy(e1, e2)
+    assert(not evo.alive_any(e1, e2))
+
+    evo.destroy(e1, e2)
+    assert(not evo.alive_any(e1, e2))
+end
+
+do
+    do
+        local e, f1, f2, f3 = evo.id(4)
+
+        evo.set(e, f1, 42)
+        evo.set(e, f2, 21)
+        evo.set(e, f3, 84)
+
+        evo.destroy(f1, f2)
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and not evo.has_any(e, f1, f2) and evo.has(e, f3))
+    end
+    do
+        local e, f1, f2, f3 = evo.id(4)
+        evo.set(f1, evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY, evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY_REMOVE_FRAGMENT)
+
+        evo.set(e, f1, 42)
+        evo.set(e, f2, 21)
+        evo.set(e, f3, 84)
+
+        evo.destroy(f1, f2)
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and not evo.has_any(e, f1, f2) and evo.has(e, f3))
+    end
+    do
+        local e, f1, f2, f3 = evo.id(4)
+        evo.set(f2, evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY, evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY_REMOVE_FRAGMENT)
+
+        evo.set(e, f1, 42)
+        evo.set(e, f2, 21)
+        evo.set(e, f3, 84)
+
+        evo.destroy(f1, f2)
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and not evo.has_any(e, f1, f2) and evo.has(e, f3))
+    end
+    do
+        local e, f1, f2, f3 = evo.id(4)
+        evo.set(f1, evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY, evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY_REMOVE_FRAGMENT)
+        evo.set(f2, evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY, evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY_REMOVE_FRAGMENT)
+
+        evo.set(e, f1, 42)
+        evo.set(e, f2, 21)
+        evo.set(e, f3, 84)
+
+        evo.destroy(f1, f2)
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and not evo.has_any(e, f1, f2) and evo.has(e, f3))
+    end
+    do
+        local e, f1, f2, f3 = evo.id(4)
+        evo.set(f1, evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY, evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY_DESTROY_ENTITY)
+
+        evo.set(e, f1, 42)
+        evo.set(e, f2, 21)
+        evo.set(e, f3, 84)
+
+        evo.destroy(f1, f2)
+        assert(not evo.alive(e))
+    end
+    do
+        local e, f1, f2, f3 = evo.id(4)
+        evo.set(f2, evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY, evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY_DESTROY_ENTITY)
+
+        evo.set(e, f1, 42)
+        evo.set(e, f2, 21)
+        evo.set(e, f3, 84)
+
+        evo.destroy(f1, f2)
+        assert(not evo.alive(e))
+    end
+    do
+        local e, f1, f2, f3 = evo.id(4)
+        evo.set(f1, evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY, evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY_DESTROY_ENTITY)
+        evo.set(f2, evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY, evo.DESTRUCTION_POLICY_DESTROY_ENTITY)
+
+        evo.set(e, f1, 42)
+        evo.set(e, f2, 21)
+        evo.set(e, f3, 84)
+
+        evo.destroy(f1, f2)
+        assert(not evo.alive(e))
+    end
+end

develop/testing/locate_tests.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+local evo = require 'evolved'
+
+evo.debug_mode(true)
+
+do
+    local e1, e2, f1, f2 = evo.id(4)
+
+    do
+        local chunk, place = evo.locate(e1)
+        assert(chunk == nil and place == 0)
+    end
+
+    evo.set(e1, f1, 42)
+
+    do
+        local chunk, place = evo.locate(e1)
+        assert(chunk and chunk == evo.chunk(f1) and place == 1)
+        assert(chunk:components(f1)[place] == 42)
+
+        chunk, place = evo.locate(e2)
+        assert(chunk == nil and place == 0)
+    end
+
+    evo.set(e1, f2, 'hello')
+
+    do
+        local chunk, place = evo.locate(e1)
+        assert(chunk and chunk == evo.chunk(f1, f2) and place == 1)
+        assert(chunk:components(f1)[place] == 42)
+        assert(chunk:components(f2)[place] == 'hello')
+
+        chunk, place = evo.locate(e2)
+        assert(chunk == nil and place == 0)
+    end
+
+    evo.set(e2, f1, 84)
+    evo.set(e2, f2, 'world')
+
+    do
+        local chunk, place = evo.locate(e1)
+        assert(chunk and chunk == evo.chunk(f1, f2) and place == 1)
+        assert(chunk:components(f1)[place] == 42)
+        assert(chunk:components(f2)[place] == 'hello')
+
+        chunk, place = evo.locate(e2)
+        assert(chunk and chunk == evo.chunk(f1, f2) and place == 2)
+        assert(chunk:components(f1)[place] == 84)
+        assert(chunk:components(f2)[place] == 'world')
+    end
+end

develop/testing/lookup_tests.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+local evo = require 'evolved'
+
+evo.debug_mode(true)
+
+do
+    local e1, e2, e3 = evo.id(3)
+
+    do
+        assert(evo.lookup('lookup_hello') == nil)
+        assert(evo.lookup('lookup_world') == nil)
+
+        do
+            local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_lookup('lookup_hello')
+            assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 0 and entity_count == 0)
+        end
+
+        do
+            local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_lookup('lookup_world')
+            assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 0 and entity_count == 0)
+        end
+    end
+
+    evo.set(e1, evo.NAME, 'lookup_hello')
+
+    do
+        assert(evo.lookup('lookup_hello') == e1)
+        assert(evo.lookup('lookup_world') == nil)
+
+        do
+            local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_lookup('lookup_hello')
+            assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 1 and entity_count == 1)
+            assert(entity_list[1] == e1)
+        end
+
+        do
+            local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_lookup('lookup_world')
+            assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 0 and entity_count == 0)
+        end
+    end
+
+    evo.set(e2, evo.NAME, 'lookup_hello')
+    evo.set(e3, evo.NAME, 'lookup_hello')
+
+    do
+        assert(evo.lookup('lookup_hello') == e1)
+        assert(evo.lookup('lookup_world') == nil)
+
+        do
+            local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_lookup('lookup_hello')
+            assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 3 and entity_count == 3)
+            assert(entity_list[1] == e1 and entity_list[2] == e2 and entity_list[3] == e3)
+        end
+    end
+
+    evo.set(e2, evo.NAME, 'lookup_world')
+
+    do
+        assert(evo.lookup('lookup_hello') == e1)
+        assert(evo.lookup('lookup_world') == e2)
+
+        do
+            local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_lookup('lookup_hello')
+            assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 2 and entity_count == 2)
+            assert(entity_list[1] == e1 and entity_list[2] == e3)
+        end
+
+        do
+            local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_lookup('lookup_world')
+            assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 1 and entity_count == 1)
+            assert(entity_list[1] == e2)
+        end
+    end
+
+    evo.set(e3, evo.NAME, 'lookup_world')
+
+    do
+        assert(evo.lookup('lookup_hello') == e1)
+        assert(evo.lookup('lookup_world') == e2)
+
+        do
+            local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_lookup('lookup_hello')
+            assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 1 and entity_count == 1)
+            assert(entity_list[1] == e1)
+        end
+
+        do
+            local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_lookup('lookup_world')
+            assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 2 and entity_count == 2)
+            assert(entity_list[1] == e2 or entity_list[1] == e3)
+        end
+    end
+
+    evo.remove(e1, evo.NAME)
+
+    do
+        assert(evo.lookup('lookup_hello') == nil)
+        assert(evo.lookup('lookup_world') == e2)
+
+        do
+            local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_lookup('lookup_hello')
+            assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 0 and entity_count == 0)
+        end
+
+        do
+            local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_lookup('lookup_world')
+            assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 2 and entity_count == 2)
+            assert(entity_list[1] == e2 or entity_list[1] == e3)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local e1, e2, e3 = evo.id(3)
+
+    evo.set(e1, evo.NAME, 'lookup_e')
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_lookup('lookup_e')
+        assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 1 and entity_count == 1)
+        assert(entity_list[1] == e1)
+    end
+
+    evo.set(e2, evo.NAME, 'lookup_e')
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_lookup('lookup_e')
+        assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 2 and entity_count == 2)
+        assert(entity_list[1] == e1 and entity_list[2] == e2)
+    end
+
+    evo.set(e3, evo.NAME, 'lookup_e')
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_lookup('lookup_e')
+        assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 3 and entity_count == 3)
+        assert(entity_list[1] == e1 and entity_list[2] == e2 and entity_list[3] == e3)
+    end
+
+    evo.clear(e1, e2, e3)
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_lookup('lookup_e')
+        assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 0 and entity_count == 0)
+    end
+
+    evo.set(e3, evo.NAME, 'lookup_e')
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_lookup('lookup_e')
+        assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 1 and entity_count == 1)
+        assert(entity_list[1] == e3)
+    end
+
+    evo.set(e2, evo.NAME, 'lookup_e')
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_lookup('lookup_e')
+        assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 2 and entity_count == 2)
+        assert(entity_list[1] == e3 and entity_list[2] == e2)
+    end
+
+    evo.set(e1, evo.NAME, 'lookup_e')
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_lookup('lookup_e')
+        assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 3 and entity_count == 3)
+        assert(entity_list[1] == e3 and entity_list[2] == e2 and entity_list[3] == e1)
+    end
+
+    evo.destroy(e3, e2, e1)
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_lookup('lookup_e')
+        assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 0 and entity_count == 0)
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local e1, e2 = evo.id(2)
+
+    evo.set(e1, evo.NAME, 'lookup_e')
+    evo.set(e2, evo.NAME, 'lookup_e')
+
+    do
+        local entity_list = {}
+        local entity_count = evo.multi_lookup_to(entity_list, 1, 'lookup_e')
+        assert(entity_count == 2 and entity_list[1] == e1 and entity_list[2] == e2)
+    end
+
+    do
+        local entity_list = {}
+        local entity_count = evo.multi_lookup_to(entity_list, 2, 'lookup_e')
+        assert(entity_count == 2 and entity_list[2] == e1 and entity_list[3] == e2)
+    end
+end

develop/testing/main_tests.lua

@@ -1525,7 +1525,7 @@ do
         do
             last_set_entity = 0
             evo.set(e, f1, 41)
-            assert(last_set_entity == e)
+            assert(last_set_entity == 0)
             assert(evo.has(e, f1) and not evo.has(e, f2))
             assert(evo.get(e, f1) == nil and evo.get(e, f2) == nil)
         end
@@ -1539,13 +1539,13 @@ do
         do
             last_set_entity = 0
             evo.set(e, f1, 42)
-            assert(last_set_entity == e)
+            assert(last_set_entity == 0)
             assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.has(e, f2))
             assert(evo.get(e, f1) == nil and evo.get(e, f2) == nil)
 
             last_set_entity = 0
             evo.set(e, f2, 42)
-            assert(last_set_entity == e)
+            assert(last_set_entity == 0)
             assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.has(e, f2))
             assert(evo.get(e, f1) == nil and evo.get(e, f2) == nil)
         end
@@ -1559,13 +1559,13 @@ do
         do
             last_set_entity = 0
             evo.set(e, f1, 42)
-            assert(last_set_entity == e)
+            assert(last_set_entity == 0)
             assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.has(e, f2) and evo.has(e, f3))
             assert(evo.get(e, f1) == nil and evo.get(e, f2) == nil and evo.get(e, f3) == 43)
 
             last_set_entity = 0
             evo.set(e, f2, 42)
-            assert(last_set_entity == e)
+            assert(last_set_entity == 0)
             assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.has(e, f2) and evo.has(e, f3))
             assert(evo.get(e, f1) == nil and evo.get(e, f2) == nil and evo.get(e, f3) == 43)
 
@@ -1610,7 +1610,7 @@ do
 
             last_assign_entity = 0
             evo.set(e, f1)
-            assert(last_assign_entity == e)
+            assert(last_assign_entity == 0)
             assert(evo.has(e, f1) and not evo.has(e, f2))
             assert(evo.get(e, f1) == nil and evo.get(e, f2) == nil)
         end
@@ -1623,7 +1623,7 @@ do
 
             last_assign_entity = 0
             evo.set(e, f2, 44)
-            assert(last_assign_entity == e)
+            assert(last_assign_entity == 0)
             assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.has(e, f2))
             assert(evo.get(e, f1) == nil and evo.get(e, f2) == nil)
         end
@@ -2302,27 +2302,66 @@ do
     evo.set(e2, f2, 44)
 
     do
-        local iter, state = evo.execute(q)
-        local chunk = iter(state)
-        assert(chunk and chunk ~= evo.chunk(f1))
+        local e1_count = 0
+        local e2_count = 0
+
+        for _, entity_list, entity_count in evo.execute(q) do
+            for i = 1, entity_count do
+                if entity_list[i] == e1 then
+                    e1_count = e1_count + 1
+                elseif entity_list[i] == e2 then
+                    e2_count = e2_count + 1
+                end
+            end
+        end
+
+        assert(e1_count == 1)
+        assert(e2_count == 1)
     end
 
     evo.set(q, evo.EXCLUDES, { f2 })
 
     do
-        local iter, state = evo.execute(q)
-        local chunk = iter(state)
-        assert(chunk and chunk ~= evo.chunk(f1))
+        local e1_count = 0
+        local e2_count = 0
+
+        for chunk, entity_list, entity_count in evo.execute(q) do
+            assert(not chunk:has(f2))
+
+            for i = 1, entity_count do
+                if entity_list[i] == e1 then
+                    e1_count = e1_count + 1
+                elseif entity_list[i] == e2 then
+                    e2_count = e2_count + 1
+                end
+            end
+        end
+
+        assert(e1_count == 1)
+        assert(e2_count == 0)
     end
 
     evo.set(q, evo.INCLUDES, { f1 })
 
     do
-        local iter, state = evo.execute(q)
-        local chunk, entity_list, entity_count = iter(state)
-        assert(chunk == evo.chunk(f1))
-        assert(entity_list and entity_list[1] == e1)
-        assert(entity_count == 1)
+        local e1_count = 0
+        local e2_count = 0
+
+        for chunk, entity_list, entity_count in evo.execute(q) do
+            assert(chunk:has(f1))
+            assert(not chunk:has(f2))
+
+            for i = 1, entity_count do
+                if entity_list[i] == e1 then
+                    e1_count = e1_count + 1
+                elseif entity_list[i] == e2 then
+                    e2_count = e2_count + 1
+                end
+            end
+        end
+
+        assert(e1_count == 1)
+        assert(e2_count == 0)
     end
 end
 
@@ -2530,7 +2569,7 @@ do
         end)
         :on_remove(function(e, f, c)
             f2_remove_count = f2_remove_count + 1
-            assert(evo.get(e, f) == nil)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f) == c)
             assert(evo.alive(f))
             assert(c == 82)
         end)
@@ -3321,7 +3360,7 @@ do
             remove_count = remove_count + 1
             assert(f == f1)
             assert(c == 51)
-            assert(evo.get(e, f1) == nil)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f1) == c)
 
             do
                 evo.remove(e, f2)
@@ -3348,7 +3387,7 @@ do
             remove_count = remove_count + 1
             assert(f == f2)
             assert(c == 51)
-            assert(evo.get(e, f2) == nil)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f2) == c)
         end)
     end
 
@@ -3518,8 +3557,7 @@ do
         assert(e == e1 or e == e2)
         assert(f == f1)
         assert(c == 51)
-        assert(evo.get(e1, f1) == nil)
-        assert(evo.get(e2, f1) == nil)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == c)
     end)
 
     do
@@ -6373,3 +6411,726 @@ do
         assert(evo.get(e, f) ~= v2_default)
     end
 end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+
+    local prefab = evo.builder():prefab():set(f1, 11):set(f2, 22):spawn()
+
+    do
+        local entity = evo.clone(prefab)
+        assert(evo.has(entity, f1) and evo.get(entity, f1) == 11)
+        assert(evo.has(entity, f2) and evo.get(entity, f2) == 22)
+    end
+
+    evo.set(f2, evo.UNIQUE)
+
+    do
+        local entity = evo.clone(prefab)
+        assert(evo.has(entity, f1) and evo.get(entity, f1) == 11)
+        assert(not evo.has(entity, f2) and evo.get(entity, f2) == nil)
+    end
+
+    evo.remove(f2, evo.UNIQUE)
+
+    do
+        local entity = evo.clone(prefab)
+        assert(evo.has(entity, f1) and evo.get(entity, f1) == 11)
+        assert(evo.has(entity, f2) and evo.get(entity, f2) == 22)
+    end
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.UNIQUE)
+    evo.set(f2, evo.UNIQUE)
+
+    do
+        local entity = evo.clone(prefab)
+        assert(evo.empty(entity))
+    end
+
+    evo.remove(f1, evo.UNIQUE)
+    evo.remove(f2, evo.UNIQUE)
+
+    do
+        local entity = evo.clone(prefab)
+        assert(evo.has(entity, f1) and evo.get(entity, f1) == 11)
+        assert(evo.has(entity, f2) and evo.get(entity, f2) == 22)
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    do
+        local f = evo.id()
+        local c = evo.chunk(f)
+        local b = evo.builder():set(f, 42)
+        evo.collect_garbage()
+        local e = b:spawn()
+        assert(evo.locate(e) ~= c)
+        assert(evo.locate(e) == evo.chunk(f))
+    end
+
+    do
+        local f = evo.id()
+        local c = evo.chunk(f)
+        local b = evo.builder():set(f, 42)
+        evo.collect_garbage()
+        local es = b:multi_spawn(5)
+        for i = 1, 5 do
+            assert(evo.locate(es[i]) ~= c)
+            assert(evo.locate(es[i]) == evo.chunk(f))
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local ff, ft = evo.id(2)
+    local b = evo.builder():set(ff, false):set(ft, true)
+    assert(b:has_all() and not b:has_any())
+    assert(b:has(ff) and b:has(ft) and b:has_all(ff, ft) and b:has_any(ff, ft))
+end
+
+do
+    do
+        local f = evo.id()
+        local q = evo.builder():include(f):spawn()
+        local e = evo.builder():set(f, 42):spawn()
+
+        local iter, state = evo.execute(q)
+        local chunk, entity_list, entity_count = iter(state)
+        assert(chunk and entity_list and entity_count)
+        assert(chunk == evo.chunk(f) and entity_count == 1 and entity_list[1] == e)
+    end
+
+    do
+        local f = evo.id()
+        local e = evo.builder():set(f, 42):spawn()
+        local q = evo.builder():include(f):spawn()
+
+        local iter, state = evo.execute(q)
+        local chunk, entity_list, entity_count = iter(state)
+        assert(chunk and entity_list and entity_count)
+        assert(chunk == evo.chunk(f) and entity_count == 1 and entity_list[1] == e)
+    end
+
+    do
+        local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+        local q = evo.builder():exclude(f2):spawn()
+        local e = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):spawn()
+
+        local e_count = 0
+
+        for chunk, entity_list, entity_count in evo.execute(q) do
+            for i = 1, entity_count do
+                if entity_list[i] == e then
+                    e_count = e_count + 1
+                    assert(chunk == evo.chunk(f1))
+                    assert(chunk:components(f1)[1] == 42)
+                end
+            end
+        end
+
+        assert(e_count == 1)
+    end
+
+    do
+        local f1, f2, f3 = evo.id(3)
+        local q = evo.builder():exclude(f2):spawn()
+        local e1 = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):spawn()
+        local e2 = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):set(f3, 21):spawn()
+
+        local e1_count, e2_count = 0, 0
+
+        for chunk, entity_list, entity_count in evo.execute(q) do
+            for i = 1, entity_count do
+                if entity_list[i] == e1 then
+                    e1_count = e1_count + 1
+                    assert(chunk == evo.chunk(f1))
+                    assert(chunk:components(f1)[1] == 42)
+                end
+
+                if entity_list[i] == e2 then
+                    e2_count = e2_count + 1
+                    assert(chunk == evo.chunk(f1, f3))
+                    assert(chunk:components(f1)[1] == 42)
+                    assert(chunk:components(f3)[1] == 21)
+                end
+            end
+        end
+
+        assert(e1_count == 1)
+        assert(e2_count == 1)
+    end
+
+    do
+        local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+        local e = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):spawn()
+        local q = evo.builder():exclude(f2):spawn()
+
+        local e_count = 0
+
+        for chunk, entity_list, entity_count in evo.execute(q) do
+            for i = 1, entity_count do
+                if entity_list[i] == e then
+                    e_count = e_count + 1
+                    assert(chunk == evo.chunk(f1))
+                    assert(chunk:components(f1)[1] == 42)
+                end
+            end
+        end
+
+        assert(e_count == 1)
+    end
+
+    do
+        local f1, f2, f3 = evo.id(3)
+        local e1 = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):spawn()
+        local e2 = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):set(f3, 21):spawn()
+        local q = evo.builder():exclude(f2):spawn()
+
+        local e1_count, e2_count = 0, 0
+
+        for chunk, entity_list, entity_count in evo.execute(q) do
+            for i = 1, entity_count do
+                if entity_list[i] == e1 then
+                    e1_count = e1_count + 1
+                    assert(chunk == evo.chunk(f1))
+                    assert(chunk:components(f1)[1] == 42)
+                end
+
+                if entity_list[i] == e2 then
+                    e2_count = e2_count + 1
+                    assert(chunk == evo.chunk(f1, f3))
+                    assert(chunk:components(f1)[1] == 42)
+                    assert(chunk:components(f3)[1] == 21)
+                end
+            end
+        end
+
+        assert(e1_count == 1)
+        assert(e2_count == 1)
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+    local q1 = evo.builder():include(f1):spawn()
+    local q2 = evo.builder():include(f2):spawn()
+    local e12 = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):set(f2, 21):spawn()
+
+    do
+        local iter, state = evo.execute(q1)
+        local chunk, entity_list, entity_count = iter(state)
+        assert(chunk and entity_list and entity_count)
+        assert(chunk == evo.chunk(f1, f2) and entity_count == 1 and entity_list[1] == e12)
+    end
+
+    do
+        local iter, state = evo.execute(q2)
+        local chunk, entity_list, entity_count = iter(state)
+        assert(chunk and entity_list and entity_count)
+        assert(chunk == evo.chunk(f1, f2) and entity_count == 1 and entity_list[1] == e12)
+    end
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.EXPLICIT)
+
+    do
+        local iter, state = evo.execute(q1)
+        local chunk, entity_list, entity_count = iter(state)
+        assert(chunk and entity_list and entity_count)
+        assert(chunk == evo.chunk(f1, f2) and entity_count == 1 and entity_list[1] == e12)
+    end
+
+    do
+        local iter, state = evo.execute(q2)
+        local chunk, entity_list, entity_count = iter(state)
+        assert(not chunk and not entity_list and not entity_count)
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local function v2(x, y) return { x = x or 0, y = y or 0 } end
+    local function v2_clone(v) return { x = v.x, y = v.y } end
+
+    local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+
+    local f1_default = v2(1, 2)
+    local f2_default = v2(3, 4)
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.DEFAULT, f1_default)
+    evo.set(f2, evo.DEFAULT, f2_default)
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.DUPLICATE, v2_clone)
+    evo.set(f2, evo.DUPLICATE, v2_clone)
+
+    local e1 = evo.builder():set(f1, v2(10, 11)):spawn()
+    local e2 = evo.builder():set(f1, v2(12, 13)):set(f2, v2(14, 15)):spawn()
+
+    do
+        assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1).x == 10 and evo.get(e1, f1).y == 11)
+        assert(evo.get(e1, f1) ~= f1_default)
+
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f1) and evo.get(e2, f1).x == 12 and evo.get(e2, f1).y == 13)
+        assert(evo.get(e2, f1) ~= f1_default)
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f2) and evo.get(e2, f2).x == 14 and evo.get(e2, f2).y == 15)
+        assert(evo.get(e2, f2) ~= f2_default)
+    end
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.TAG)
+
+    do
+        assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == nil)
+
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f1) and evo.get(e2, f1) == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f2) and evo.get(e2, f2).x == 14 and evo.get(e2, f2).y == 15)
+        assert(evo.get(e2, f2) ~= f2_default)
+    end
+
+    evo.remove(f1, evo.TAG)
+
+    do
+        assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1).x == 1 and evo.get(e1, f1).y == 2)
+        assert(evo.get(e1, f1) ~= f1_default)
+
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f1) and evo.get(e2, f1).x == 1 and evo.get(e2, f1).y == 2)
+        assert(evo.get(e2, f1) ~= f1_default)
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f2) and evo.get(e2, f2).x == 14 and evo.get(e2, f2).y == 15)
+        assert(evo.get(e2, f2) ~= f2_default)
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2, f3 = evo.id(3)
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.REQUIRES, { f2, f3 })
+    evo.set(f2, evo.DEFAULT, false)
+    evo.set(f3, evo.TAG)
+
+    local v_set_sum = 0
+    local v_insert_sum = 0
+
+    local f3_set_times = 0
+    local f3_insert_times = 0
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.ON_SET, function(e, f, v)
+        assert(f == f1)
+        v_set_sum = v_set_sum + v
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == v)
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.ON_INSERT, function(e, f, v)
+        assert(f == f1)
+        v_insert_sum = v_insert_sum + v
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == v)
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f3, evo.ON_SET, function(e, f, v)
+        assert(f == f3)
+        f3_set_times = f3_set_times + 1
+        assert(v == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f))
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f3, evo.ON_INSERT, function(e, f, v)
+        assert(f == f3)
+        f3_insert_times = f3_insert_times + 1
+        assert(v == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f))
+    end)
+
+    do
+        local e = evo.spawn({ [f1] = 42 })
+        assert(e and not evo.empty(e))
+
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 42)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == false)
+    end
+
+    do
+        local entity_prefab = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):spawn()
+
+        local e = evo.clone(entity_prefab)
+        assert(e and not evo.empty(e))
+
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 42)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == false)
+    end
+
+    do
+        local entity_prefab = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):spawn()
+        evo.remove(entity_prefab, f2, f3)
+
+        local e = evo.clone(entity_prefab, { [f1] = 21 })
+        assert(e and not evo.empty(e))
+
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 21)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == false)
+    end
+
+    assert(v_set_sum == 42 * 4 + 21 * 1)
+    assert(v_insert_sum == 42 * 4 + 21 * 1)
+
+    assert(f3_set_times == 5)
+    assert(f3_insert_times == 5)
+end
+
+do
+    local function v2(x, y) return { x = x or 0, y = y or 0 } end
+    local function v2_clone(v) return { x = v.x, y = v.y } end
+
+    local f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7 = evo.id(7)
+    evo.set(f1, evo.REQUIRES, { f2, f3, f4 })
+    evo.set(f5, evo.REQUIRES, { f6, f7 })
+
+    local f1_default = v2(1, 2)
+    local f2_default = v2(3, 4)
+    local f3_default = v2(10, 11)
+    local f4_default = v2(12, 13)
+    local f6_default = v2(14, 15)
+    local f7_default = v2(16, 17)
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.DEFAULT, f1_default)
+    evo.set(f2, evo.DEFAULT, f2_default)
+    evo.set(f3, evo.DEFAULT, f3_default)
+    evo.set(f4, evo.DEFAULT, f4_default)
+    evo.set(f6, evo.DEFAULT, f6_default)
+    evo.set(f7, evo.DEFAULT, f7_default)
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.DUPLICATE, v2_clone)
+    evo.set(f2, evo.DUPLICATE, v2_clone)
+    evo.set(f3, evo.DUPLICATE, v2_clone)
+    evo.set(f5, evo.DUPLICATE, v2_clone)
+    evo.set(f6, evo.DUPLICATE, v2_clone)
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_spawn(2, { [f1] = v2(5, 6), [f2] = v2(7, 8) })
+
+        assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 2)
+        assert(entity_count == 2)
+
+        local q_f1 = evo.builder():include(f1):spawn()
+
+        local f2_v = v2(20, 21)
+        evo.batch_set(q_f1, f2, f2_v)
+
+        for i = 1, entity_count do
+            local e = entity_list[i]
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1).x == 5 and evo.get(e, f1).y == 6)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2).x == 20 and evo.get(e, f2).y == 21)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3).x == 10 and evo.get(e, f3).y == 11)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f4) and evo.get(e, f4).x == 12 and evo.get(e, f4).y == 13)
+
+            assert(evo.get(e, f1) ~= f1_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f2) ~= f2_v and evo.get(e, f2) ~= f2_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f3) ~= f3_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f4) == f4_default)
+        end
+
+        local f5_v = v2(30, 31)
+        evo.batch_set(q_f1, f5, f5_v)
+
+        for i = 1, entity_count do
+            local e = entity_list[i]
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1).x == 5 and evo.get(e, f1).y == 6)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2).x == 20 and evo.get(e, f2).y == 21)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3).x == 10 and evo.get(e, f3).y == 11)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f4) and evo.get(e, f4).x == 12 and evo.get(e, f4).y == 13)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f5) and evo.get(e, f5).x == 30 and evo.get(e, f5).y == 31)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f6) and evo.get(e, f6).x == 14 and evo.get(e, f6).y == 15)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f7) and evo.get(e, f7).x == 16 and evo.get(e, f7).y == 17)
+
+            assert(evo.get(e, f1) ~= f1_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f2) ~= f2_v and evo.get(e, f2) ~= f2_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f3) ~= f3_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f4) == f4_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f5) ~= f5_v)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f6) ~= f6_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f7) == f7_default)
+        end
+
+        f5_v = v2(32, 33)
+        evo.batch_set(q_f1, f5, f5_v)
+
+        for i = 1, entity_count do
+            local e = entity_list[i]
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1).x == 5 and evo.get(e, f1).y == 6)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2).x == 20 and evo.get(e, f2).y == 21)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3).x == 10 and evo.get(e, f3).y == 11)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f4) and evo.get(e, f4).x == 12 and evo.get(e, f4).y == 13)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f5) and evo.get(e, f5).x == 32 and evo.get(e, f5).y == 33)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f6) and evo.get(e, f6).x == 14 and evo.get(e, f6).y == 15)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f7) and evo.get(e, f7).x == 16 and evo.get(e, f7).y == 17)
+
+            assert(evo.get(e, f1) ~= f1_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f2) ~= f2_v and evo.get(e, f2) ~= f2_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f3) ~= f3_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f4) == f4_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f5) ~= f5_v)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f6) ~= f6_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f7) == f7_default)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local function v2(x, y) return { x = x or 0, y = y or 0 } end
+    local function v2_clone(v) return { x = v.x, y = v.y } end
+
+    local f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7 = evo.id(7)
+    evo.set(f1, evo.REQUIRES, { f2, f3, f4 })
+    evo.set(f5, evo.REQUIRES, { f6, f7 })
+
+    local f1_default = v2(1, 2)
+    local f2_default = v2(3, 4)
+    local f3_default = v2(10, 11)
+    local f4_default = v2(12, 13)
+    local f6_default = v2(14, 15)
+    local f7_default = v2(16, 17)
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.DEFAULT, f1_default)
+    evo.set(f2, evo.DEFAULT, f2_default)
+    evo.set(f3, evo.DEFAULT, f3_default)
+    evo.set(f4, evo.DEFAULT, f4_default)
+    evo.set(f6, evo.DEFAULT, f6_default)
+    evo.set(f7, evo.DEFAULT, f7_default)
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.DUPLICATE, v2_clone)
+    evo.set(f2, evo.DUPLICATE, v2_clone)
+    evo.set(f3, evo.DUPLICATE, v2_clone)
+    evo.set(f5, evo.DUPLICATE, v2_clone)
+    evo.set(f6, evo.DUPLICATE, v2_clone)
+
+    local f5_set_sum = 0
+    local f5_insert_sum = 0
+    local f6_set_sum = 0
+    local f6_insert_sum = 0
+    local f7_set_sum = 0
+    local f7_insert_sum = 0
+
+    evo.set(f5, evo.ON_SET, function(e, f, v)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == v)
+        assert(f == f5)
+        f5_set_sum = f5_set_sum + v.x + v.y
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f5, evo.ON_INSERT, function(e, f, v)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == v)
+        assert(f == f5)
+        f5_insert_sum = f5_insert_sum + v.x + v.y
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f6, evo.ON_SET, function(e, f, v)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == v)
+        assert(f == f6)
+        f6_set_sum = f6_set_sum + v.x + v.y
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f6, evo.ON_INSERT, function(e, f, v)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == v)
+        assert(f == f6)
+        f6_insert_sum = f6_insert_sum + v.x + v.y
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f7, evo.ON_SET, function(e, f, v)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == v)
+        assert(f == f7)
+        f7_set_sum = f7_set_sum + v.x + v.y
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f7, evo.ON_INSERT, function(e, f, v)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == v)
+        assert(f == f7)
+        f7_insert_sum = f7_insert_sum + v.x + v.y
+    end)
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_spawn(2, { [f1] = v2(5, 6), [f2] = v2(7, 8) })
+
+        assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 2)
+        assert(entity_count == 2)
+
+        local q_f1 = evo.builder():include(f1):spawn()
+
+        local f2_v = v2(20, 21)
+        evo.batch_set(q_f1, f2, f2_v)
+
+        for i = 1, entity_count do
+            local e = entity_list[i]
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1).x == 5 and evo.get(e, f1).y == 6)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2).x == 20 and evo.get(e, f2).y == 21)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3).x == 10 and evo.get(e, f3).y == 11)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f4) and evo.get(e, f4).x == 12 and evo.get(e, f4).y == 13)
+
+            assert(evo.get(e, f1) ~= f1_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f2) ~= f2_v and evo.get(e, f2) ~= f2_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f3) ~= f3_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f4) == f4_default)
+        end
+
+        assert(f5_set_sum == 0)
+        assert(f5_insert_sum == 0)
+        assert(f6_set_sum == 0)
+        assert(f6_insert_sum == 0)
+        assert(f7_set_sum == 0)
+        assert(f7_insert_sum == 0)
+
+        local f5_v = v2(30, 31)
+        evo.batch_set(q_f1, f5, f5_v)
+
+        assert(f5_set_sum == (30 + 31) * entity_count)
+        assert(f5_insert_sum == (30 + 31) * entity_count)
+        assert(f6_set_sum == (14 + 15) * entity_count)
+        assert(f6_insert_sum == (14 + 15) * entity_count)
+        assert(f7_set_sum == (16 + 17) * entity_count)
+        assert(f7_insert_sum == (16 + 17) * entity_count)
+
+        for i = 1, entity_count do
+            local e = entity_list[i]
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1).x == 5 and evo.get(e, f1).y == 6)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2).x == 20 and evo.get(e, f2).y == 21)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3).x == 10 and evo.get(e, f3).y == 11)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f4) and evo.get(e, f4).x == 12 and evo.get(e, f4).y == 13)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f5) and evo.get(e, f5).x == 30 and evo.get(e, f5).y == 31)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f6) and evo.get(e, f6).x == 14 and evo.get(e, f6).y == 15)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f7) and evo.get(e, f7).x == 16 and evo.get(e, f7).y == 17)
+
+            assert(evo.get(e, f1) ~= f1_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f2) ~= f2_v and evo.get(e, f2) ~= f2_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f3) ~= f3_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f4) == f4_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f5) ~= f5_v)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f6) ~= f6_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f7) == f7_default)
+        end
+
+        f5_set_sum = 0
+        f5_insert_sum = 0
+        f6_set_sum = 0
+        f6_insert_sum = 0
+        f7_set_sum = 0
+        f7_insert_sum = 0
+
+        f5_v = v2(32, 33)
+        evo.batch_set(q_f1, f5, f5_v)
+
+        assert(f5_set_sum == (32 + 33) * entity_count)
+        assert(f5_insert_sum == 0)
+        assert(f6_set_sum == 0)
+        assert(f6_insert_sum == 0)
+        assert(f7_set_sum == 0)
+        assert(f7_insert_sum == 0)
+
+        for i = 1, entity_count do
+            local e = entity_list[i]
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1).x == 5 and evo.get(e, f1).y == 6)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2).x == 20 and evo.get(e, f2).y == 21)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3).x == 10 and evo.get(e, f3).y == 11)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f4) and evo.get(e, f4).x == 12 and evo.get(e, f4).y == 13)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f5) and evo.get(e, f5).x == 32 and evo.get(e, f5).y == 33)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f6) and evo.get(e, f6).x == 14 and evo.get(e, f6).y == 15)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f7) and evo.get(e, f7).x == 16 and evo.get(e, f7).y == 17)
+
+            assert(evo.get(e, f1) ~= f1_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f2) ~= f2_v and evo.get(e, f2) ~= f2_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f3) ~= f3_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f4) == f4_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f5) ~= f5_v)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f6) ~= f6_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f7) == f7_default)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local s1, s2 = evo.id(2)
+
+    local process_order = ''
+
+    evo.set(s1, evo.PROLOGUE, function()
+        process_order = process_order .. '1'
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(s2, evo.PROLOGUE, function()
+        process_order = process_order .. '2'
+    end)
+
+    do
+        process_order = ''
+        evo.set(s2, evo.GROUP, s1)
+        evo.process(s1)
+        assert(process_order == '12')
+    end
+
+    do
+        process_order = ''
+        evo.remove(s2, evo.GROUP)
+        evo.process(s1)
+        assert(process_order == '1')
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local s1, s2, s3 = evo.id(3)
+
+    local process_order = ''
+
+    evo.set(s1, evo.PROLOGUE, function()
+        process_order = process_order .. '1'
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(s2, evo.PROLOGUE, function()
+        process_order = process_order .. '2'
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(s3, evo.PROLOGUE, function()
+        process_order = process_order .. '3'
+    end)
+
+    do
+        process_order = ''
+        evo.set(s2, evo.GROUP, s1)
+        evo.process(s1)
+        assert(process_order == '12')
+    end
+
+    do
+        process_order = ''
+        evo.set(s2, evo.GROUP, s3)
+        evo.process(s1)
+        assert(process_order == '1')
+        evo.process(s3)
+        assert(process_order == '132')
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+    evo.set(f1, evo.NAME, 'f1')
+    evo.set(f2, evo.NAME, 'f2')
+
+    do
+        local c1 = evo.chunk(f1)
+        assert(tostring(c1) == '<f1>')
+
+        local c2 = evo.chunk(f2)
+        assert(tostring(c2) == '<f2>')
+
+        local c12 = evo.chunk(f1, f2)
+        assert(tostring(c12) == '<f1, f2>')
+
+        local c21 = evo.chunk(f2, f1)
+        assert(tostring(c21) == '<f1, f2>')
+    end
+
+    do
+        local b = evo.builder():set(f1)
+        assert(tostring(b) == '<f1>')
+
+        b:set(f1, 1):set(f2, 2)
+        assert(tostring(b) == '<f1, f2>')
+    end
+end

develop/testing/mappers_tests.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+local evo = require 'evolved'
+
+evo.debug_mode(true)
+
+do
+    local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+
+    local e1 = evo.spawn({ [f1] = 1, [f2] = 2 }, function(c, p)
+        local f1s, f2s = c:components(f1, f2)
+        f1s[p] = f1s[p] * 2
+        f2s[p] = f2s[p] * 3
+    end)
+
+    local e2 = evo.spawn({ [f1] = 1, [f2] = 2 }, function(c, p)
+        local f1s, f2s = c:components(f1, f2)
+        f1s[p] = f1s[p] + 10
+        f2s[p] = f2s[p] + 20
+    end)
+
+    assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == 2)
+    assert(evo.has(e1, f2) and evo.get(e1, f2) == 6)
+    assert(evo.has(e2, f1) and evo.get(e2, f1) == 11)
+    assert(evo.has(e2, f2) and evo.get(e2, f2) == 22)
+
+    local e11 = evo.clone(e1, nil, function(c, p)
+        local f1s, f2s = c:components(f1, f2)
+        f1s[p] = f1s[p] * 3
+        f2s[p] = f2s[p] * 4
+    end)
+
+    local e22 = evo.clone(e2, nil, function(c, p)
+        local f1s, f2s = c:components(f1, f2)
+        f1s[p] = f1s[p] + 30
+        f2s[p] = f2s[p] + 40
+    end)
+
+    assert(evo.has(e11, f1) and evo.get(e11, f1) == 6)
+    assert(evo.has(e11, f2) and evo.get(e11, f2) == 24)
+    assert(evo.has(e22, f1) and evo.get(e22, f1) == 41)
+    assert(evo.has(e22, f2) and evo.get(e22, f2) == 62)
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+
+    evo.defer()
+
+    local e1 = evo.spawn({ [f1] = 1, [f2] = 2 }, function(c, p)
+        local f1s, f2s = c:components(f1, f2)
+        f1s[p] = f1s[p] * 2
+        f2s[p] = f2s[p] * 3
+    end)
+
+    local e2 = evo.spawn({ [f1] = 1, [f2] = 2 }, function(c, p)
+        local f1s, f2s = c:components(f1, f2)
+        f1s[p] = f1s[p] + 10
+        f2s[p] = f2s[p] + 20
+    end)
+
+    assert(not evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == nil)
+    assert(not evo.has(e1, f2) and evo.get(e1, f2) == nil)
+    assert(not evo.has(e2, f1) and evo.get(e2, f1) == nil)
+    assert(not evo.has(e2, f2) and evo.get(e2, f2) == nil)
+
+    evo.commit()
+
+    assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == 2)
+    assert(evo.has(e1, f2) and evo.get(e1, f2) == 6)
+    assert(evo.has(e2, f1) and evo.get(e2, f1) == 11)
+    assert(evo.has(e2, f2) and evo.get(e2, f2) == 22)
+
+    evo.defer()
+
+    local e11 = evo.clone(e1, nil, function(c, p)
+        local f1s, f2s = c:components(f1, f2)
+        f1s[p] = f1s[p] * 3
+        f2s[p] = f2s[p] * 4
+    end)
+
+    local e22 = evo.clone(e2, nil, function(c, p)
+        local f1s, f2s = c:components(f1, f2)
+        f1s[p] = f1s[p] + 30
+        f2s[p] = f2s[p] + 40
+    end)
+
+    assert(not evo.has(e11, f1) and evo.get(e11, f1) == nil)
+    assert(not evo.has(e11, f2) and evo.get(e11, f2) == nil)
+    assert(not evo.has(e22, f1) and evo.get(e22, f1) == nil)
+    assert(not evo.has(e22, f2) and evo.get(e22, f2) == nil)
+
+    evo.commit()
+
+    assert(evo.has(e11, f1) and evo.get(e11, f1) == 6)
+    assert(evo.has(e11, f2) and evo.get(e11, f2) == 24)
+    assert(evo.has(e22, f1) and evo.get(e22, f1) == 41)
+    assert(evo.has(e22, f2) and evo.get(e22, f2) == 62)
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+
+    local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(10, { [f1] = 1, [f2] = 2 }, function(c, b, e)
+        local f1s, f2s = c:components(f1, f2)
+        for p = b, e do
+            f1s[p] = f1s[p] * 2
+            f2s[p] = f2s[p] * 3
+        end
+    end)
+
+    for i = 1, ec do
+        local e = es[i]
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 2)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 6)
+    end
+
+    local es2, ec2 = evo.multi_clone(10, es[1], nil, function(c, b, e)
+        local f1s, f2s = c:components(f1, f2)
+        for p = b, e do
+            f1s[p] = f1s[p] + 10
+            f2s[p] = f2s[p] + 20
+        end
+    end)
+
+    for i = 1, ec2 do
+        local e = es2[i]
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 12)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 26)
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+
+    evo.defer()
+
+    local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(10, { [f1] = 1, [f2] = 2 }, function(c, b, e)
+        local f1s, f2s = c:components(f1, f2)
+        for p = b, e do
+            f1s[p] = f1s[p] * 2
+            f2s[p] = f2s[p] * 3
+        end
+    end)
+
+    for i = 1, ec do
+        local e = es[i]
+        assert(not evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == nil)
+        assert(not evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == nil)
+    end
+
+    evo.commit()
+
+    for i = 1, ec do
+        local e = es[i]
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 2)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 6)
+    end
+
+    evo.defer()
+
+    local es2, ec2 = evo.multi_clone(10, es[1], nil, function(c, b, e)
+        local f1s, f2s = c:components(f1, f2)
+        for p = b, e do
+            f1s[p] = f1s[p] + 10
+            f2s[p] = f2s[p] + 20
+        end
+    end)
+
+    for i = 1, ec2 do
+        local e = es2[i]
+        assert(not evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == nil)
+        assert(not evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == nil)
+    end
+
+    evo.commit()
+
+    for i = 1, ec2 do
+        local e = es2[i]
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 12)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 26)
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+
+    local e1 = evo.builder():set(f1, 1):set(f2, 2):build(nil, function(c, p)
+        local f1s, f2s = c:components(f1, f2)
+        f1s[p] = f1s[p] * 2
+        f2s[p] = f2s[p] * 3
+    end)
+
+    assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == 2)
+    assert(evo.has(e1, f2) and evo.get(e1, f2) == 6)
+
+    local e2 = evo.builder():build(e1, function(c, p)
+        local f1s, f2s = c:components(f1, f2)
+        f1s[p] = f1s[p] + 10
+        f2s[p] = f2s[p] + 20
+    end)
+
+    assert(evo.has(e2, f1) and evo.get(e2, f1) == 12)
+    assert(evo.has(e2, f2) and evo.get(e2, f2) == 26)
+
+    local e3 = evo.builder():set(f2, 3):build(e1, function(c, p)
+        local f1s, f2s = c:components(f1, f2)
+        f1s[p] = f1s[p] + 10
+        f2s[p] = f2s[p] + 20
+    end)
+
+    assert(evo.has(e3, f1) and evo.get(e3, f1) == 12)
+    assert(evo.has(e3, f2) and evo.get(e3, f2) == 23)
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+
+    local es, ec = evo.builder():set(f1, 1):set(f2, 2):multi_build(10, nil, function(c, b, e)
+        local f1s, f2s = c:components(f1, f2)
+        for p = b, e do
+            f1s[p] = f1s[p] * 2
+            f2s[p] = f2s[p] * 3
+        end
+    end)
+
+    for i = 1, ec do
+        local e = es[i]
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 2)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 6)
+    end
+
+    local es2, ec2 = evo.builder():multi_build(10, es[1], function(c, b, e)
+        local f1s, f2s = c:components(f1, f2)
+        for p = b, e do
+            f1s[p] = f1s[p] + 10
+            f2s[p] = f2s[p] + 20
+        end
+    end)
+
+    for i = 1, ec2 do
+        local e = es2[i]
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 12)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 26)
+    end
+end

develop/testing/multi_spawn_tests.lua

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 local evo = require 'evolved'
 
+evo.debug_mode(true)
+
 do
     local entity_list
 
@@ -306,3 +308,463 @@ do
         end
     end
 end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2, f3 = evo.id(3)
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.REQUIRES, { f2, f3 })
+    evo.set(f3, evo.TAG)
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_spawn(2, { [f1] = 42 })
+
+        assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 2)
+        assert(entity_count == 2)
+
+        for i = 1, entity_count do
+            local e = entity_list[i]
+            assert(e and not evo.empty(e))
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 42)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == true)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3) == nil)
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local entity_prefab = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):spawn()
+
+        local clone_list, clone_count = evo.multi_clone(2, entity_prefab)
+
+        assert(clone_list and #clone_list == 2)
+        assert(clone_count == 2)
+
+        for i = 1, clone_count do
+            local e = clone_list[i]
+            assert(e and not evo.empty(e))
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 42)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == true)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3) == nil)
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local entity_prefab = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):spawn()
+        evo.remove(entity_prefab, f2, f3)
+
+        local clone_list, clone_count = evo.multi_clone(2, entity_prefab, { [f1] = 21 })
+
+        assert(clone_list and #clone_list == 2)
+        assert(clone_count == 2)
+
+        for i = 1, clone_count do
+            local e = clone_list[i]
+            assert(e and not evo.empty(e))
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 21)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == true)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3) == nil)
+        end
+    end
+
+    evo.set(f2, evo.DEFAULT, false)
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_spawn(2, { [f1] = 42 })
+
+        assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 2)
+        assert(entity_count == 2)
+
+        for i = 1, entity_count do
+            local e = entity_list[i]
+            assert(e and not evo.empty(e))
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 42)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == false)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3) == nil)
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local entity_prefab = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):spawn()
+
+        local clone_list, clone_count = evo.multi_clone(2, entity_prefab)
+
+        assert(clone_list and #clone_list == 2)
+        assert(clone_count == 2)
+
+        for i = 1, clone_count do
+            local e = clone_list[i]
+            assert(e and not evo.empty(e))
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 42)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == false)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3) == nil)
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local entity_prefab = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):spawn()
+        evo.remove(entity_prefab, f2, f3)
+
+        local clone_list, clone_count = evo.multi_clone(2, entity_prefab, { [f1] = 21 })
+
+        assert(clone_list and #clone_list == 2)
+        assert(clone_count == 2)
+
+        for i = 1, clone_count do
+            local e = clone_list[i]
+            assert(e and not evo.empty(e))
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 21)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == false)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3) == nil)
+        end
+    end
+
+    local v_set_sum = 0
+    local v_insert_sum = 0
+
+    local f3_set_times = 0
+    local f3_insert_times = 0
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.ON_SET, function(e, f, v)
+        assert(f == f1)
+        v_set_sum = v_set_sum + v
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == v)
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.ON_INSERT, function(e, f, v)
+        assert(f == f1)
+        v_insert_sum = v_insert_sum + v
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == v)
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f3, evo.ON_SET, function(e, f, v)
+        assert(f == f3)
+        f3_set_times = f3_set_times + 1
+        assert(v == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f))
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f3, evo.ON_INSERT, function(e, f, v)
+        assert(f == f3)
+        f3_insert_times = f3_insert_times + 1
+        assert(v == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f))
+    end)
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_spawn(2, { [f1] = 42 })
+
+        assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 2)
+        assert(entity_count == 2)
+
+        for i = 1, entity_count do
+            local e = entity_list[i]
+            assert(e and not evo.empty(e))
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 42)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == false)
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local entity_prefab = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):spawn()
+
+        local clone_list, clone_count = evo.multi_clone(2, entity_prefab)
+
+        assert(clone_list and #clone_list == 2)
+        assert(clone_count == 2)
+
+        for i = 1, clone_count do
+            local e = clone_list[i]
+            assert(e and not evo.empty(e))
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 42)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == false)
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local entity_prefab = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):spawn()
+        evo.remove(entity_prefab, f2, f3)
+
+        local clone_list, clone_count = evo.multi_clone(2, entity_prefab, { [f1] = 21 })
+
+        assert(clone_list and #clone_list == 2)
+        assert(clone_count == 2)
+
+        for i = 1, clone_count do
+            local e = clone_list[i]
+            assert(e and not evo.empty(e))
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 21)
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == false)
+        end
+    end
+
+    assert(v_set_sum == 42 * 6 + 21 * 2)
+    assert(v_insert_sum == 42 * 6 + 21 * 2)
+
+    assert(f3_set_times == 8)
+    assert(f3_insert_times == 8)
+end
+
+do
+    local function v2(x, y) return { x = x or 0, y = y or 0 } end
+    local function v2_clone(v) return { x = v.x, y = v.y } end
+
+    local f1, f2, f3, f4 = evo.id(4)
+    evo.set(f1, evo.REQUIRES, { f2, f3, f4 })
+
+    local f1_default = v2(1, 2)
+    local f2_default = v2(3, 4)
+    local f3_default = v2(10, 11)
+    local f4_default = v2(12, 13)
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.DEFAULT, f1_default)
+    evo.set(f2, evo.DEFAULT, f2_default)
+    evo.set(f3, evo.DEFAULT, f3_default)
+    evo.set(f4, evo.DEFAULT, f4_default)
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.DUPLICATE, v2_clone)
+    evo.set(f2, evo.DUPLICATE, v2_clone)
+    evo.set(f3, evo.DUPLICATE, v2_clone)
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = evo.multi_spawn(2, { [f1] = v2(5, 6), [f2] = v2(7, 8) })
+
+        assert(entity_list and #entity_list == 2)
+        assert(entity_count == 2)
+
+        for i = 1, entity_count do
+            local e = entity_list[i]
+            assert(e and not evo.empty(e))
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) ~= f1_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f1).x == 5 and evo.get(e, f1).y == 6)
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) ~= f2_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f2).x == 7 and evo.get(e, f2).y == 8)
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3) ~= f3_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f3).x == 10 and evo.get(e, f3).y == 11)
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f4) and evo.get(e, f4) == f4_default)
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local entity_prefab = evo.builder():set(f1, v2(5, 6)):set(f2, v2(7, 8)):spawn()
+
+        local clone_list, clone_count = evo.multi_clone(2, entity_prefab, { [f2] = f2_default })
+
+        assert(clone_list and #clone_list == 2)
+        assert(clone_count == 2)
+
+        for i = 1, clone_count do
+            local e = clone_list[i]
+            assert(e and not evo.empty(e))
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) ~= f1_default and evo.get(e, f1) ~= evo.get(entity_prefab, f1))
+            assert(evo.get(e, f1).x == 5 and evo.get(e, f1).y == 6)
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) ~= f2_default and evo.get(e, f2) ~= evo.get(entity_prefab, f2))
+            assert(evo.get(e, f2).x == 3 and evo.get(e, f2).y == 4)
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3) ~= f3_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f3).x == 10 and evo.get(e, f3).y == 11)
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f4) and evo.get(e, f4) == f4_default)
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local entity_prefab = evo.builder():set(f1, v2(5, 6)):set(f2, v2(7, 8)):spawn()
+        evo.remove(entity_prefab, f2, f3, f4)
+
+        local clone_list, clone_count = evo.multi_clone(2, entity_prefab, { [f2] = f2_default })
+
+        assert(clone_list and #clone_list == 2)
+        assert(clone_count == 2)
+
+        for i = 1, clone_count do
+            local e = clone_list[i]
+            assert(e and not evo.empty(e))
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) ~= f1_default and evo.get(e, f1) ~= evo.get(entity_prefab, f1))
+            assert(evo.get(e, f1).x == 5 and evo.get(e, f1).y == 6)
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) ~= f2_default and evo.get(e, f2) ~= evo.get(entity_prefab, f2))
+            assert(evo.get(e, f2).x == 3 and evo.get(e, f2).y == 4)
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3) ~= f3_default)
+            assert(evo.get(e, f3).x == 10 and evo.get(e, f3).y == 11)
+
+            assert(evo.has(e, f4) and evo.get(e, f4) == f4_default)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = {}, 2
+        evo.multi_spawn_to(entity_list, 1, entity_count, { [f1] = 42, [f2] = "hello" })
+        assert(evo.has_all(entity_list[1], f1, f2))
+        assert(evo.has_all(entity_list[2], f1, f2))
+        assert(evo.get(entity_list[1], f1) == 42 and evo.get(entity_list[1], f2) == "hello")
+        assert(evo.get(entity_list[2], f1) == 42 and evo.get(entity_list[2], f2) == "hello")
+    end
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = {}, 2
+        evo.multi_spawn_to(entity_list, 2, entity_count, { [f1] = 42, [f2] = "hello" })
+        assert(evo.has_all(entity_list[2], f1, f2))
+        assert(evo.has_all(entity_list[3], f1, f2))
+        assert(evo.get(entity_list[2], f1) == 42 and evo.get(entity_list[2], f2) == "hello")
+        assert(evo.get(entity_list[3], f1) == 42 and evo.get(entity_list[3], f2) == "hello")
+    end
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = {}, 2
+        evo.defer()
+        evo.multi_spawn_to(entity_list, 1, entity_count, { [f1] = 42, [f2] = "hello" })
+        assert(entity_list[1] and entity_list[2])
+        assert(evo.empty_all(entity_list[1], entity_list[2]))
+        evo.commit()
+        assert(evo.has_all(entity_list[1], f1, f2))
+        assert(evo.has_all(entity_list[2], f1, f2))
+        assert(evo.get(entity_list[1], f1) == 42 and evo.get(entity_list[1], f2) == "hello")
+        assert(evo.get(entity_list[2], f1) == 42 and evo.get(entity_list[2], f2) == "hello")
+    end
+
+    do
+        local entity_list, entity_count = {}, 2
+        evo.defer()
+        evo.multi_spawn_to(entity_list, 2, entity_count, { [f1] = 42, [f2] = "hello" })
+        assert(entity_list[2] and entity_list[3])
+        assert(evo.empty_all(entity_list[2], entity_list[3]))
+        evo.commit()
+        assert(evo.has_all(entity_list[2], f1, f2))
+        assert(evo.has_all(entity_list[3], f1, f2))
+        assert(evo.get(entity_list[2], f1) == 42 and evo.get(entity_list[2], f2) == "hello")
+        assert(evo.get(entity_list[3], f1) == 42 and evo.get(entity_list[3], f2) == "hello")
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+    local q12 = evo.builder():include(f1, f2):spawn()
+
+    do
+        assert(select('#', evo.multi_spawn_nr(2, { [f1] = 42, [f2] = "hello" })) == 0)
+
+        do
+            local entity_count = 0
+
+            for chunk in evo.execute(q12) do
+                local _, chunk_entity_count = chunk:entities()
+                entity_count = entity_count + chunk_entity_count
+            end
+
+            assert(entity_count == 2)
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local b = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):set(f2, "hello")
+
+        assert(select('#', b:multi_spawn_nr(2)) == 0)
+
+        do
+            local entity_count = 0
+
+            for chunk in evo.execute(q12) do
+                local _, chunk_entity_count = chunk:entities()
+                entity_count = entity_count + chunk_entity_count
+            end
+
+            assert(entity_count == 4)
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local b = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):set(f2, "hello")
+
+        assert(select('#', b:multi_build_nr(2)) == 0)
+
+        do
+            local entity_count = 0
+
+            for chunk in evo.execute(q12) do
+                local _, chunk_entity_count = chunk:entities()
+                entity_count = entity_count + chunk_entity_count
+            end
+
+            assert(entity_count == 6)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+    local q12 = evo.builder():include(f1, f2):spawn()
+
+    do
+        local entity_list = {}
+        assert(select('#', evo.multi_spawn_to(entity_list, 1, 2, { [f1] = 42, [f2] = "hello" })) == 0)
+
+        do
+            local entity_count = 0
+
+            for chunk in evo.execute(q12) do
+                local _, chunk_entity_count = chunk:entities()
+                entity_count = entity_count + chunk_entity_count
+            end
+
+            assert(entity_count == 2)
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local b = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):set(f2, "hello")
+
+
+        local entity_list = {}
+        assert(select('#', b:multi_spawn_to(entity_list, 1, 2)) == 0)
+
+        do
+            local entity_count = 0
+
+            for chunk in evo.execute(q12) do
+                local _, chunk_entity_count = chunk:entities()
+                entity_count = entity_count + chunk_entity_count
+            end
+
+            assert(entity_count == 4)
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local b = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):set(f2, "hello")
+
+
+        local entity_list = {}
+        assert(select('#', b:multi_build_to(entity_list, 1, 2)) == 0)
+
+        do
+            local entity_count = 0
+
+            for chunk in evo.execute(q12) do
+                local _, chunk_entity_count = chunk:entities()
+                entity_count = entity_count + chunk_entity_count
+            end
+
+            assert(entity_count == 6)
+        end
+    end
+end

develop/testing/name_tests.lua

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 local evo = require 'evolved'
 
+evo.debug_mode(true)
+
 do
     local id = evo.id()
 

develop/testing/process_with_tests.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+local evo = require 'evolved'
+
+evo.debug_mode(true)
+
+do
+    local f = evo.id()
+    local e = evo.builder():set(f, 42):spawn()
+
+    local s = evo.builder()
+        :include(f)
+        :prologue(function(payload1, payload2, payload3)
+            assert(payload1 == 11 and payload2 == 22 and payload3 == 33)
+        end)
+        :execute(function(chunk, entity_list, entity_count, payload1, payload2, payload3)
+            assert(payload1 == 11 and payload2 == 22 and payload3 == 33)
+            assert(chunk == evo.chunk(f) and entity_count == 1 and entity_list[1] == e)
+        end)
+        :epilogue(function(payload1, payload2, payload3)
+            assert(payload1 == 11 and payload2 == 22 and payload3 == 33)
+        end)
+        :spawn()
+
+    evo.process_with(s, 11, 22, 33)
+end
+
+do
+    local f = evo.id()
+    local e = evo.builder():set(f, 42):spawn()
+
+    local s = evo.builder()
+        :include(f)
+        :prologue(function(payload1, payload2, payload3)
+            assert(payload1 == nil and payload2 == 42 and payload3 == nil)
+        end)
+        :execute(function(chunk, entity_list, entity_count, payload1, payload2, payload3)
+            assert(payload1 == nil and payload2 == 42 and payload3 == nil)
+            assert(chunk == evo.chunk(f) and entity_count == 1 and entity_list[1] == e)
+        end)
+        :epilogue(function(payload1, payload2, payload3)
+            assert(payload1 == nil and payload2 == 42 and payload3 == nil)
+        end)
+        :spawn()
+
+    evo.process_with(s, nil, 42)
+end
+
+do
+    local f = evo.id()
+    local e = evo.builder():set(f, 42):spawn()
+
+    local s = evo.builder()
+        :include(f)
+        :prologue(function(payload1, payload2, payload3)
+            assert(payload1 == nil and payload2 == nil and payload3 == nil)
+        end)
+        :execute(function(chunk, entity_list, entity_count, payload1, payload2, payload3)
+            assert(payload1 == nil and payload2 == nil and payload3 == nil)
+            assert(chunk == evo.chunk(f) and entity_count == 1 and entity_list[1] == e)
+        end)
+        :epilogue(function(payload1, payload2, payload3)
+            assert(payload1 == nil and payload2 == nil and payload3 == nil)
+        end)
+        :spawn()
+
+    evo.process_with(s)
+end
+
+do
+    local f = evo.id()
+    local e = evo.builder():set(f, 42):spawn()
+
+    local prologue_sum, execute_sum, epilogue_sum = 0, 0, 0
+
+    local function sum(...)
+        local s = 0
+        for i = 1, select('#', ...) do
+            s = s + select(i, ...)
+        end
+        return s
+    end
+
+    local function iota(n)
+        if n == 0 then return end
+        return n, iota(n - 1)
+    end
+
+    local s = evo.builder()
+        :include(f)
+        :prologue(function(...)
+            prologue_sum = prologue_sum + sum(...)
+        end)
+        :execute(function(chunk, entity_list, entity_count, ...)
+            execute_sum = execute_sum + sum(...)
+            assert(chunk == evo.chunk(f) and entity_count == 1 and entity_list[1] == e)
+        end)
+        :epilogue(function(...)
+            epilogue_sum = epilogue_sum + sum(...)
+        end)
+        :spawn()
+
+    for n = 0, 50 do
+        prologue_sum, execute_sum, epilogue_sum = 0, 0, 0
+        evo.process_with(s, iota(n))
+        local expect_sum = (n * (n + 1)) / 2
+        assert(prologue_sum == expect_sum)
+        assert(execute_sum == expect_sum)
+        assert(epilogue_sum == expect_sum)
+    end
+end

develop/testing/realloc_tests.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,596 @@
+local evo = require 'evolved'
+
+evo.debug_mode(true)
+
+---@type ffilib?
+local ffi = (function()
+    if package and package.loaded then
+        local loaded_ffi = package.loaded.ffi
+        if loaded_ffi then return loaded_ffi end
+    end
+
+    if package and package.preload then
+        local ffi_loader = package.preload.ffi
+        if ffi_loader then return ffi_loader() end
+    end
+end)()
+
+if not ffi then
+    return
+end
+
+local FLOAT_TYPEOF = ffi.typeof('float')
+local FLOAT_SIZEOF = ffi.sizeof(FLOAT_TYPEOF)
+local FLOAT_STORAGE_TYPEOF = ffi.typeof('$[?]', FLOAT_TYPEOF)
+
+local DOUBLE_TYPEOF = ffi.typeof('double')
+local DOUBLE_SIZEOF = ffi.sizeof(DOUBLE_TYPEOF)
+local DOUBLE_STORAGE_TYPEOF = ffi.typeof('$[?]', DOUBLE_TYPEOF)
+
+local STORAGE_SIZES = {}
+
+---@type evolved.realloc
+local function float_realloc(src, src_size, dst_size)
+    if dst_size == 0 then
+        assert(src and src_size > 0)
+        local expected_src_size = STORAGE_SIZES[src]
+        assert(expected_src_size == src_size)
+        STORAGE_SIZES[src] = nil
+        return
+    else
+        if src then
+            assert(src_size > 0)
+            local expected_src_size = STORAGE_SIZES[src]
+            assert(expected_src_size == src_size)
+        else
+            assert(src_size == 0)
+        end
+
+        local dst = ffi.new(FLOAT_STORAGE_TYPEOF, dst_size + 1)
+        STORAGE_SIZES[dst] = dst_size
+
+        if src then
+            ffi.copy(dst + 1, src + 1, math.min(src_size, dst_size) * FLOAT_SIZEOF)
+        end
+
+        return dst
+    end
+end
+
+---@type evolved.realloc
+local function double_realloc(src, src_size, dst_size)
+    if dst_size == 0 then
+        assert(src and src_size > 0)
+        local expected_src_size = STORAGE_SIZES[src]
+        assert(expected_src_size == src_size)
+        STORAGE_SIZES[src] = nil
+        return
+    else
+        if src then
+            assert(src_size > 0)
+            local expected_src_size = STORAGE_SIZES[src]
+            assert(expected_src_size == src_size)
+        else
+            assert(src_size == 0)
+        end
+
+        local dst = ffi.new(DOUBLE_STORAGE_TYPEOF, dst_size + 1)
+        STORAGE_SIZES[dst] = dst_size
+
+        if src then
+            ffi.copy(dst + 1, src + 1, math.min(src_size, dst_size) * DOUBLE_SIZEOF)
+        end
+
+        return dst
+    end
+end
+
+---@type evolved.compmove
+local function double_compmove(src, f, e, t, dst)
+    ffi.copy(dst + t, src + f, (e - f + 1) * DOUBLE_SIZEOF)
+end
+
+do
+    local f1 = evo.builder():realloc(double_realloc):build()
+
+    local e1 = evo.builder():set(f1, 21):build()
+    assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == 21)
+
+    local e2 = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):build()
+    assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == 21)
+    assert(evo.has(e2, f1) and evo.get(e2, f1) == 42)
+
+    local e3 = evo.builder():set(f1, 84):build()
+    assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == 21)
+    assert(evo.has(e2, f1) and evo.get(e2, f1) == 42)
+    assert(evo.has(e3, f1) and evo.get(e3, f1) == 84)
+
+    evo.destroy(e1)
+    assert(not evo.has(e1, f1))
+    assert(evo.has(e2, f1) and evo.get(e2, f1) == 42)
+    assert(evo.has(e3, f1) and evo.get(e3, f1) == 84)
+
+    evo.destroy(e3)
+    assert(not evo.has(e1, f1))
+    assert(evo.has(e2, f1) and evo.get(e2, f1) == 42)
+    assert(not evo.has(e3, f1))
+
+    evo.destroy(e2)
+    assert(not evo.has(e1, f1))
+    assert(not evo.has(e2, f1))
+    assert(not evo.has(e3, f1))
+end
+
+do
+    local f1 = evo.builder():realloc(double_realloc):build()
+    local q1 = evo.builder():include(f1):build()
+
+    do
+        local es, ec = {}, 10
+        for i = 1, ec do es[i] = evo.spawn({ [f1] = i }) end
+        for i = 1, ec do assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == i) end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):build()
+        local es, ec = {}, 10
+        for i = 1, ec do es[i] = evo.clone(p) end
+        for i = 1, ec do assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == 42) end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local es1, ec1 = evo.multi_spawn(10, { [f1] = 42 })
+        for i = 1, ec1 do assert(evo.has(es1[i], f1) and evo.get(es1[i], f1) == 42) end
+
+        local es2, ec2 = evo.multi_spawn(20, { [f1] = 84 })
+        for i = 1, ec1 do assert(evo.has(es1[i], f1) and evo.get(es1[i], f1) == 42) end
+        for i = 1, ec2 do assert(evo.has(es2[i], f1) and evo.get(es2[i], f1) == 84) end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local p = evo.builder():set(f1, 21):build()
+
+        local es1, ec1 = evo.multi_clone(10, p)
+        for i = 1, ec1 do assert(evo.has(es1[i], f1) and evo.get(es1[i], f1) == 21) end
+
+        local es2, ec2 = evo.multi_clone(20, p)
+        for i = 1, ec1 do assert(evo.has(es1[i], f1) and evo.get(es1[i], f1) == 21) end
+        for i = 1, ec2 do assert(evo.has(es2[i], f1) and evo.get(es2[i], f1) == 21) end
+    end
+
+    evo.batch_destroy(q1)
+end
+
+do
+    local f1 = evo.builder():realloc(double_realloc):build()
+    local f2 = evo.builder():realloc(double_realloc):build()
+
+    local q1 = evo.builder():include(f1):build()
+    local q2 = evo.builder():include(f2):build()
+
+    do
+        local e = evo.builder():set(f1, 21):set(f2, 42):build()
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 21)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 42)
+
+        evo.remove(e, f1)
+
+        assert(not evo.has(e, f1))
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 42)
+    end
+
+    do
+        local e = evo.builder():set(f1, 21):set(f2, 42):build()
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 21)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 42)
+
+        evo.clear(e)
+
+        assert(not evo.has(e, f1))
+        assert(not evo.has(e, f2))
+    end
+
+    do
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(10, { [f1] = 21, [f2] = 42 })
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == 21)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 42)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_remove(q1, f1)
+
+        local e12 = evo.builder():set(f1, 1):set(f2, 2):build()
+        assert(evo.has(e12, f1) and evo.get(e12, f1) == 1)
+        assert(evo.has(e12, f2) and evo.get(e12, f2) == 2)
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(not evo.has(es[i], f1))
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 42)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_set(q2, f1, 84)
+
+        assert(evo.has(e12, f1) and evo.get(e12, f1) == 84)
+        assert(evo.has(e12, f2) and evo.get(e12, f2) == 2)
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == 84)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 42)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_set(q2, f1, 21)
+
+        assert(evo.has(e12, f1) and evo.get(e12, f1) == 21)
+        assert(evo.has(e12, f2) and evo.get(e12, f2) == 2)
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == 21)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 42)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1 = evo.builder():realloc(double_realloc):compmove(double_compmove):build()
+    local f2 = evo.builder():realloc(double_realloc):compmove(double_compmove):build()
+
+    local q1 = evo.builder():include(f1):build()
+    local q2 = evo.builder():include(f2):build()
+
+    do
+        local es1, ec1 = evo.multi_spawn(10, { [f1] = 1, [f2] = 2 })
+
+        for i = 1, ec1 do
+            assert(evo.has(es1[i], f1) and evo.get(es1[i], f1) == 1)
+            assert(evo.has(es1[i], f2) and evo.get(es1[i], f2) == 2)
+        end
+
+        local es2, ec2 = evo.multi_spawn(20, { [f1] = 3, [f2] = 4 })
+
+        for i = 1, ec1 do
+            assert(evo.has(es1[i], f1) and evo.get(es1[i], f1) == 1)
+            assert(evo.has(es1[i], f2) and evo.get(es1[i], f2) == 2)
+        end
+
+        for i = 1, ec2 do
+            assert(evo.has(es2[i], f1) and evo.get(es2[i], f1) == 3)
+            assert(evo.has(es2[i], f2) and evo.get(es2[i], f2) == 4)
+        end
+
+        local e2 = evo.builder():set(f2, 42):build()
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f2) and evo.get(e2, f2) == 42)
+
+        evo.batch_remove(q1, f1)
+
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f2) and evo.get(e2, f2) == 42)
+
+        for i = 1, ec1 do
+            assert(not evo.has(es1[i], f1))
+            assert(evo.has(es1[i], f2) and evo.get(es1[i], f2) == 2)
+        end
+
+        for i = 1, ec2 do
+            assert(not evo.has(es2[i], f1))
+            assert(evo.has(es2[i], f2) and evo.get(es2[i], f2) == 4)
+        end
+
+        local e12 = evo.builder():set(f1, 21):set(f2, 42):build()
+
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f2) and evo.get(e2, f2) == 42)
+        assert(evo.has(e12, f1) and evo.get(e12, f1) == 21)
+        assert(evo.has(e12, f2) and evo.get(e12, f2) == 42)
+
+        evo.batch_set(q2, f1, 84)
+
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f2) and evo.get(e2, f2) == 42)
+        assert(evo.has(e12, f1) and evo.get(e12, f1) == 84)
+        assert(evo.has(e12, f2) and evo.get(e12, f2) == 42)
+
+        for i = 1, ec1 do
+            assert(evo.has(es1[i], f1) and evo.get(es1[i], f1) == 84)
+            assert(evo.has(es1[i], f2) and evo.get(es1[i], f2) == 2)
+        end
+
+        for i = 1, ec2 do
+            assert(evo.has(es2[i], f1) and evo.get(es2[i], f1) == 84)
+            assert(evo.has(es2[i], f2) and evo.get(es2[i], f2) == 4)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1 = evo.builder():default(42):build()
+
+    local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(10, { [f1] = 21 })
+    for i = 1, ec do assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == 21) end
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.TAG)
+    for i = 1, ec do assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == nil) end
+
+    evo.remove(f1, evo.TAG)
+    for i = 1, ec do assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == 42) end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1 = evo.builder():realloc(float_realloc):build()
+
+    local e1 = evo.builder():set(f1, 3):build()
+    assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == 3)
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.REALLOC, double_realloc)
+    assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == 3)
+
+    evo.remove(f1, evo.REALLOC)
+    assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == 3)
+
+    evo.set(f1, evo.REALLOC, double_realloc)
+    assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == 3)
+end
+
+do
+    local f1 = evo.builder():realloc(double_realloc):build()
+
+    local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(20, { [f1] = 42 })
+
+    for i = 1, ec / 2 do
+        evo.destroy(es[ec - i + 1])
+    end
+
+    evo.collect_garbage()
+
+    for i = 1, ec / 2 do
+        assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == 42)
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    evo.collect_garbage()
+
+    local f1 = evo.builder():name('f1'):realloc(double_realloc):compmove(double_compmove):build()
+    local f2 = evo.builder():name('f2'):realloc(double_realloc):compmove(double_compmove):build()
+
+    local q1 = evo.builder():include(f1):build()
+    local q2 = evo.builder():include(f2):build()
+
+    do
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(40, { [f2] = 2 })
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(not evo.has(es[i], f1))
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 2)
+        end
+        evo.batch_destroy(q2)
+    end
+
+    do
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(50, { [f1] = 1, [f2] = 2 })
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == 1)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 2)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_remove(q1, f1)
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(not evo.has(es[i], f1))
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 2)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(q1, q2)
+    end
+
+    do
+        evo.spawn({ [f1] = 1 })
+        evo.spawn({ [f2] = 2 })
+        evo.spawn({ [f1] = 1, [f2] = 2 })
+    end
+
+    evo.collect_garbage()
+end
+
+do
+    evo.collect_garbage()
+
+    local f1 = evo.builder():name('f1'):realloc(double_realloc):compmove(double_compmove):build()
+    local f2 = evo.builder():name('f2'):realloc(double_realloc):compmove(double_compmove):build()
+
+    local q1 = evo.builder():include(f1):build()
+    local q2 = evo.builder():include(f2):build()
+
+    do
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(40, { [f1] = 1, [f2] = 2 })
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == 1)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 2)
+        end
+        evo.batch_destroy(q2)
+    end
+
+    do
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(50, { [f1] = 1 })
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == 1)
+            assert(not evo.has(es[i], f2))
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_set(q1, f2, 2)
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == 1)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 2)
+        end
+
+        evo.batch_destroy(q1, q2)
+    end
+
+    do
+        evo.spawn({ [f1] = 1 })
+        evo.spawn({ [f2] = 2 })
+        evo.spawn({ [f1] = 1, [f2] = 2 })
+    end
+
+    evo.collect_garbage()
+end
+
+do
+    evo.collect_garbage()
+
+    local alloc_call_count = 0
+    local free_call_count = 0
+    local resize_call_count = 0
+
+    local function ctor_realloc()
+        ---@type evolved.realloc
+        return function(src, src_size, dst_size)
+            if dst_size == 0 then
+                assert(src and src_size > 0)
+                free_call_count = free_call_count + 1
+                return
+            else
+                if src then
+                    assert(src_size > 0)
+                    resize_call_count = resize_call_count + 1
+                else
+                    assert(src_size == 0)
+                    alloc_call_count = alloc_call_count + 1
+                end
+
+                local dst = {}
+
+                if src then
+                    for i = 1, math.min(src_size, dst_size) do
+                        dst[i] = src[i]
+                    end
+                end
+
+                return dst
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local realloc1 = ctor_realloc()
+        local realloc2 = ctor_realloc()
+
+        local f1 = evo.builder():default(44):realloc(realloc1):build()
+
+        alloc_call_count, free_call_count, resize_call_count = 0, 0, 0
+
+        do
+            local e1 = evo.builder():set(f1, 21):build()
+            assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == 21)
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 1 and free_call_count == 0)
+
+            local e2 = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):build()
+            assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == 21)
+            assert(evo.has(e2, f1) and evo.get(e2, f1) == 42)
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 1 and free_call_count == 0)
+
+            evo.collect_garbage()
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 1 and free_call_count == 0 and resize_call_count == 0)
+
+            evo.destroy(e1)
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 1 and free_call_count == 0 and resize_call_count == 0)
+
+            evo.collect_garbage()
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 1 and free_call_count == 0 and resize_call_count == 0)
+
+            evo.destroy(e2)
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 1 and free_call_count == 0 and resize_call_count == 0)
+
+            evo.collect_garbage()
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 1 and free_call_count == 1 and resize_call_count == 0)
+        end
+
+        alloc_call_count, free_call_count, resize_call_count = 0, 0, 0
+
+        do
+            local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(10, { [f1] = 84 })
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 1 and free_call_count == 0 and resize_call_count == 0)
+
+            for i = 1, ec / 2 do evo.destroy(es[i]) end
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 1 and free_call_count == 0 and resize_call_count == 0)
+
+            evo.collect_garbage()
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 1 and free_call_count == 0 and resize_call_count == 1)
+
+            evo.set(f1, evo.REALLOC, realloc2)
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 2 and free_call_count == 1 and resize_call_count == 1)
+
+            for i = 1, ec do evo.destroy(es[i]) end
+            evo.collect_garbage()
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 2 and free_call_count == 2 and resize_call_count == 1)
+        end
+
+        alloc_call_count, free_call_count, resize_call_count = 0, 0, 0
+
+        do
+            local e1 = evo.builder():set(f1, 24):build()
+            assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == 24)
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 1 and free_call_count == 0 and resize_call_count == 0)
+
+            evo.set(f1, evo.TAG)
+            assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == nil)
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 1 and free_call_count == 1 and resize_call_count == 0)
+
+            local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(20, { [f1] = 48 })
+            for i = 1, ec do assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == nil) end
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 1 and free_call_count == 1 and resize_call_count == 0)
+
+            evo.remove(f1, evo.TAG)
+            assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == 44)
+            for i = 1, ec do assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == 44) end
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 2 and free_call_count == 1 and resize_call_count == 0)
+
+            evo.destroy(e1)
+            for i = 1, ec do evo.destroy(es[i]) end
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 2 and free_call_count == 1 and resize_call_count == 0)
+
+            evo.collect_garbage()
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 2 and free_call_count == 2 and resize_call_count == 0)
+        end
+
+        alloc_call_count, free_call_count, resize_call_count = 0, 0, 0
+
+        do
+            local e1 = evo.builder():set(f1, 100):build()
+            assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == 100)
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 1 and free_call_count == 0 and resize_call_count == 0)
+
+            evo.set(f1, evo.TAG)
+            assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == nil)
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 1 and free_call_count == 1 and resize_call_count == 0)
+
+            local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(20, { [f1] = 48 })
+            for i = 1, ec do assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == nil) end
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 1 and free_call_count == 1 and resize_call_count == 0)
+
+            evo.destroy(e1)
+            for i = 1, ec do evo.destroy(es[i]) end
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 1 and free_call_count == 1 and resize_call_count == 0)
+
+            evo.collect_garbage()
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 1 and free_call_count == 1 and resize_call_count == 0)
+        end
+    end
+
+
+    do
+        local realloc = ctor_realloc()
+
+        local f1 = evo.builder():realloc(realloc):build()
+
+        alloc_call_count, free_call_count, resize_call_count = 0, 0, 0
+
+        do
+            local e1 = evo.builder():set(f1, 42):build()
+            assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == 42)
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 1 and free_call_count == 0 and resize_call_count == 0)
+
+            evo.destroy(e1)
+            assert(not evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == nil)
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 1 and free_call_count == 0 and resize_call_count == 0)
+
+            evo.set(f1, evo.TAG)
+            assert(alloc_call_count == 1 and free_call_count == 1 and resize_call_count == 0)
+        end
+    end
+end

develop/testing/requires_fragment_tests.lua

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 local evo = require 'evolved'
 
+evo.debug_mode(true)
+
 do
     local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
     evo.set(f1, evo.REQUIRES)
@@ -243,3 +245,143 @@ do
         end
     end
 end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2, f3, f4 = evo.id(4)
+    evo.set(f1, evo.REQUIRES, { f2 })
+    evo.set(f2, evo.REQUIRES, { f3 })
+    evo.set(f3, evo.REQUIRES, { f4 })
+
+    do
+        local e1 = evo.builder():set(f1):spawn()
+        assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == true)
+        assert(evo.has(e1, f2) and evo.get(e1, f2) == true)
+        assert(evo.has(e1, f3) and evo.get(e1, f3) == true)
+        assert(evo.has(e1, f4) and evo.get(e1, f4) == true)
+
+        local e2 = evo.builder():set(f2):spawn()
+        assert(not evo.has(e2, f1) and evo.get(e2, f1) == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f2) and evo.get(e2, f2) == true)
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f3) and evo.get(e2, f3) == true)
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f4) and evo.get(e2, f4) == true)
+
+        local e3 = evo.builder():set(f3):spawn()
+        assert(not evo.has(e3, f1) and evo.get(e3, f1) == nil)
+        assert(not evo.has(e3, f2) and evo.get(e3, f2) == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e3, f3) and evo.get(e3, f3) == true)
+        assert(evo.has(e3, f4) and evo.get(e3, f4) == true)
+    end
+
+    do
+        local e1 = evo.id()
+        evo.set(e1, f1)
+        assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == true)
+        assert(evo.has(e1, f2) and evo.get(e1, f2) == true)
+        assert(evo.has(e1, f3) and evo.get(e1, f3) == true)
+        assert(evo.has(e1, f4) and evo.get(e1, f4) == true)
+
+        local e2 = evo.id()
+        evo.set(e2, f2)
+        assert(not evo.has(e2, f1) and evo.get(e2, f1) == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f2) and evo.get(e2, f2) == true)
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f3) and evo.get(e2, f3) == true)
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f4) and evo.get(e2, f4) == true)
+
+        local e3 = evo.id()
+        evo.set(e3, f3)
+        assert(not evo.has(e3, f1) and evo.get(e3, f1) == nil)
+        assert(not evo.has(e3, f2) and evo.get(e3, f2) == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e3, f3) and evo.get(e3, f3) == true)
+        assert(evo.has(e3, f4) and evo.get(e3, f4) == true)
+    end
+
+    evo.remove(f2, evo.REQUIRES)
+
+    do
+        local e1 = evo.builder():set(f1):spawn()
+        assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == true)
+        assert(evo.has(e1, f2) and evo.get(e1, f2) == true)
+        assert(not evo.has(e1, f3) and evo.get(e1, f3) == nil)
+        assert(not evo.has(e1, f4) and evo.get(e1, f4) == nil)
+
+        local e2 = evo.builder():set(f2):spawn()
+        assert(not evo.has(e2, f1) and evo.get(e2, f1) == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f2) and evo.get(e2, f2) == true)
+        assert(not evo.has(e2, f3) and evo.get(e2, f3) == nil)
+        assert(not evo.has(e2, f4) and evo.get(e2, f4) == nil)
+
+        local e3 = evo.builder():set(f3):spawn()
+        assert(not evo.has(e3, f1) and evo.get(e3, f1) == nil)
+        assert(not evo.has(e3, f2) and evo.get(e3, f2) == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e3, f3) and evo.get(e3, f3) == true)
+        assert(evo.has(e3, f4) and evo.get(e3, f4) == true)
+    end
+
+    do
+        local e1 = evo.id()
+        evo.set(e1, f1)
+        assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == true)
+        assert(evo.has(e1, f2) and evo.get(e1, f2) == true)
+        assert(not evo.has(e1, f3) and evo.get(e1, f3) == nil)
+        assert(not evo.has(e1, f4) and evo.get(e1, f4) == nil)
+
+        local e2 = evo.id()
+        evo.set(e2, f2)
+        assert(not evo.has(e2, f1) and evo.get(e2, f1) == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f2) and evo.get(e2, f2) == true)
+        assert(not evo.has(e2, f3) and evo.get(e2, f3) == nil)
+        assert(not evo.has(e2, f4) and evo.get(e2, f4) == nil)
+
+        local e3 = evo.id()
+        evo.set(e3, f3)
+        assert(not evo.has(e3, f1) and evo.get(e3, f1) == nil)
+        assert(not evo.has(e3, f2) and evo.get(e3, f2) == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e3, f3) and evo.get(e3, f3) == true)
+        assert(evo.has(e3, f4) and evo.get(e3, f4) == true)
+    end
+
+    evo.set(f2, evo.REQUIRES, { f4 })
+
+    do
+        local e1 = evo.builder():set(f1):spawn()
+        assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == true)
+        assert(evo.has(e1, f2) and evo.get(e1, f2) == true)
+        assert(not evo.has(e1, f3) and evo.get(e1, f3) == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e1, f4) and evo.get(e1, f4) == true)
+
+        local e2 = evo.builder():set(f2):spawn()
+        assert(not evo.has(e2, f1) and evo.get(e2, f1) == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f2) and evo.get(e2, f2) == true)
+        assert(not evo.has(e2, f3) and evo.get(e2, f3) == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f4) and evo.get(e2, f4) == true)
+
+        local e3 = evo.builder():set(f3):spawn()
+        assert(not evo.has(e3, f1) and evo.get(e3, f1) == nil)
+        assert(not evo.has(e3, f2) and evo.get(e3, f2) == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e3, f3) and evo.get(e3, f3) == true)
+        assert(evo.has(e3, f4) and evo.get(e3, f4) == true)
+    end
+
+    do
+        local e1 = evo.id()
+        evo.set(e1, f1)
+        assert(evo.has(e1, f1) and evo.get(e1, f1) == true)
+        assert(evo.has(e1, f2) and evo.get(e1, f2) == true)
+        assert(not evo.has(e1, f3) and evo.get(e1, f3) == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e1, f4) and evo.get(e1, f4) == true)
+
+        local e2 = evo.id()
+        evo.set(e2, f2)
+        assert(not evo.has(e2, f1) and evo.get(e2, f1) == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f2) and evo.get(e2, f2) == true)
+        assert(not evo.has(e2, f3) and evo.get(e2, f3) == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e2, f4) and evo.get(e2, f4) == true)
+
+        local e3 = evo.id()
+        evo.set(e3, f3)
+        assert(not evo.has(e3, f1) and evo.get(e3, f1) == nil)
+        assert(not evo.has(e3, f2) and evo.get(e3, f2) == nil)
+        assert(evo.has(e3, f3) and evo.get(e3, f3) == true)
+        assert(evo.has(e3, f4) and evo.get(e3, f4) == true)
+    end
+end

develop/testing/spawn_tests.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+local evo = require 'evolved'
+
+evo.debug_mode(true)
+
+do
+    do
+        local e = evo.spawn()
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and evo.empty(e))
+    end
+
+    do
+        local e = evo.spawn({})
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and evo.empty(e))
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2, f3 = evo.id(3)
+    evo.set(f2, evo.REQUIRES, { f1, f3 })
+
+    do
+        local e = evo.spawn({ [f1] = 42 })
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and not evo.empty(e) and evo.locate(e) == evo.chunk(f1))
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 42)
+    end
+
+    do
+        local e = evo.spawn({ [f1] = 42, [f2] = 'hello' })
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and not evo.empty(e) and evo.locate(e) == evo.chunk(f1, f2, f3))
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 42)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 'hello')
+        assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3) == true)
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2, f3 = evo.id(3)
+    evo.set(f2, evo.REQUIRES, { f1, f3 })
+    evo.set(f3, evo.DEFAULT, 21)
+    evo.set(f3, evo.REQUIRES, { f2 })
+
+    do
+        local e = evo.spawn({ [f1] = 42 })
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and not evo.empty(e) and evo.locate(e) == evo.chunk(f1))
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 42)
+    end
+
+    do
+        local e = evo.spawn({ [f1] = 42, [f2] = 'hello' })
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and not evo.empty(e) and evo.locate(e) == evo.chunk(f1, f2, f3))
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 42)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == 'hello')
+        assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3) == 21)
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2, f3, f4 = evo.id(4)
+    evo.set(f2, evo.DUPLICATE, function() return nil end)
+    evo.set(f2, evo.REQUIRES, { f1, f3, f4 })
+    evo.set(f3, evo.DEFAULT, 21)
+    evo.set(f3, evo.DUPLICATE, function(v) return v * 3 end)
+    evo.set(f3, evo.REQUIRES, { f2 })
+
+    do
+        local e = evo.spawn({ [f1] = 42 })
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and not evo.empty(e) and evo.locate(e) == evo.chunk(f1))
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 42)
+    end
+
+    do
+        local e = evo.spawn({ [f1] = 42, [f2] = true })
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and not evo.empty(e) and evo.locate(e) == evo.chunk(f1, f2, f3, f4))
+        assert(evo.has(e, f1) and evo.get(e, f1) == 42)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f2) and evo.get(e, f2) == true)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f3) and evo.get(e, f3) == 21 * 3)
+        assert(evo.has(e, f4) and evo.get(e, f4) == true)
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2, f3 = evo.id(3)
+    evo.set(f2, evo.REQUIRES, { f3 })
+    evo.set(f3, evo.TAG)
+
+    local f2_set_sum, f2_inserted_sum = 0, 0
+    local f3_set_count, f3_inserted_count = 0, 0
+
+    evo.set(f2, evo.ON_SET, function(e, f, c)
+        assert(c == 42)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == c)
+        assert(f == f2)
+        f2_set_sum = f2_set_sum + c
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f2, evo.ON_INSERT, function(e, f, c)
+        assert(c == 42)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == c)
+        assert(f == f2)
+        f2_inserted_sum = f2_inserted_sum + c
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f3, evo.ON_SET, function(e, f, c)
+        assert(c == nil)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == c)
+        assert(f == f3)
+        f3_set_count = f3_set_count + 1
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f3, evo.ON_INSERT, function(e, f, c)
+        assert(c == nil)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == c)
+        assert(f == f3)
+        f3_inserted_count = f3_inserted_count + 1
+    end)
+
+    do
+        f3_set_count, f3_inserted_count = 0, 0
+        local e = evo.spawn({ [f1] = 'hello', [f2] = 42 })
+        assert(evo.alive(e) and not evo.empty(e) and evo.locate(e) == evo.chunk(f1, f2, f3))
+        assert(f2_set_sum == 42 and f2_inserted_sum == 42)
+        assert(f3_set_count == 1 and f3_inserted_count == 1)
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    do
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(2)
+        assert(#es == 2 and ec == 2)
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and evo.empty(es[i]))
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(2, {})
+        assert(#es == 2 and ec == 2)
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and evo.empty(es[i]))
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+
+    do
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(3, { [f1] = 42 })
+        assert(#es == 3 and ec == 3)
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and not evo.empty(es[i]) and evo.locate(es[i]) == evo.chunk(f1))
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == 42)
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(3, { [f1] = 42, [f2] = 'hello' })
+        assert(#es == 3 and ec == 3)
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and not evo.empty(es[i]) and evo.locate(es[i]) == evo.chunk(f1, f2))
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == 42)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 'hello')
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+    evo.set(f1, evo.REQUIRES, { f2 })
+
+    do
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(3, { [f1] = 42 })
+        assert(#es == 3 and ec == 3)
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and not evo.empty(es[i]) and evo.locate(es[i]) == evo.chunk(f1, f2))
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == 42)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == true)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+    evo.set(f1, evo.REQUIRES, { f2 })
+
+    do
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(1, { [f1] = 42 })
+        assert(#es == 1 and ec == 1)
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and not evo.empty(es[i]) and evo.locate(es[i]) == evo.chunk(f1, f2))
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == 42)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == true)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2, f3 = evo.id(3)
+    evo.set(f1, evo.REQUIRES, { f2, f3 })
+    evo.set(f2, evo.DEFAULT, 'hello')
+
+    do
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(4, { [f1] = 42 })
+        assert(#es == 4 and ec == 4)
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and not evo.empty(es[i]) and evo.locate(es[i]) == evo.chunk(f1, f2, f3))
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == 42)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 'hello')
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f3) and evo.get(es[i], f3) == true)
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(4, { [f1] = 42, [f2] = 'world' })
+        assert(#es == 4 and ec == 4)
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and not evo.empty(es[i]) and evo.locate(es[i]) == evo.chunk(f1, f2, f3))
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == 42)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 'world')
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f3) and evo.get(es[i], f3) == true)
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(4, { [f1] = 42, [f2] = 'world', [f3] = false })
+        assert(#es == 4 and ec == 4)
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and not evo.empty(es[i]) and evo.locate(es[i]) == evo.chunk(f1, f2, f3))
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == 42)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 'world')
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f3) and evo.get(es[i], f3) == false)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2 = evo.id(2)
+    evo.set(f1, evo.REQUIRES, { f2 })
+    evo.set(f1, evo.DUPLICATE, function() return nil end)
+    evo.set(f2, evo.DEFAULT, 'hello')
+    evo.set(f2, evo.DUPLICATE, function(v) return v .. '!' end)
+
+    do
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(4, { [f1] = 42 })
+        assert(#es == 4 and ec == 4)
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and not evo.empty(es[i]) and evo.locate(es[i]) == evo.chunk(f1, f2))
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == true)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 'hello!')
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(4, { [f1] = 42, [f2] = 'world' })
+        assert(#es == 4 and ec == 4)
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and not evo.empty(es[i]) and evo.locate(es[i]) == evo.chunk(f1, f2))
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f1) and evo.get(es[i], f1) == true)
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 'world!')
+        end
+    end
+
+    do
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(4, { [f2] = 'hello world' })
+        assert(#es == 4 and ec == 4)
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and not evo.empty(es[i]) and evo.locate(es[i]) == evo.chunk(f2))
+            assert(evo.has(es[i], f2) and evo.get(es[i], f2) == 'hello world!')
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+do
+    local f1, f2, f3 = evo.id(3)
+    evo.set(f2, evo.REQUIRES, { f3 })
+    evo.set(f3, evo.TAG)
+
+    local f2_set_sum, f2_inserted_sum = 0, 0
+    local f3_set_count, f3_inserted_count = 0, 0
+
+    evo.set(f2, evo.ON_SET, function(e, f, c)
+        assert(c == 42)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == c)
+        assert(f == f2)
+        f2_set_sum = f2_set_sum + c
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f2, evo.ON_INSERT, function(e, f, c)
+        assert(c == 42)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == c)
+        assert(f == f2)
+        f2_inserted_sum = f2_inserted_sum + c
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f3, evo.ON_SET, function(e, f, c)
+        assert(c == nil)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == c)
+        assert(f == f3)
+        f3_set_count = f3_set_count + 1
+    end)
+
+    evo.set(f3, evo.ON_INSERT, function(e, f, c)
+        assert(c == nil)
+        assert(evo.get(e, f) == c)
+        assert(f == f3)
+        f3_inserted_count = f3_inserted_count + 1
+    end)
+
+    do
+        local es, ec = evo.multi_spawn(3, { [f1] = 'hello', [f2] = 42 })
+        assert(#es == 3 and ec == 3)
+
+        for i = 1, ec do
+            assert(evo.alive(es[i]) and not evo.empty(es[i]) and evo.locate(es[i]) == evo.chunk(f1, f2, f3))
+            assert(f2_set_sum == 42 * 3 and f2_inserted_sum == 42 * 3)
+            assert(f3_set_count == 3 and f3_inserted_count == 3)
+        end
+    end
+end

develop/testing/system_as_query_tests.lua

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 local evo = require 'evolved'
 
+evo.debug_mode(true)
+
 do
     local f1, f2, f3 = evo.id(3)
 

develop/unbench.lua

@@ -1,860 +0,0 @@
-local basics = require 'develop.basics'
-basics.unload 'evolved'
-
-local evo = require 'evolved'
-
-local N = 1000
-local B = evo.builder()
-local F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 = evo.id(5)
-local Q1 = evo.builder():include(F1):spawn()
-local R1 = evo.builder():require(F1):spawn()
-local R2 = evo.builder():require(F1, F2):spawn()
-local R3 = evo.builder():require(F1, F2, F3):spawn()
-local R4 = evo.builder():require(F1, F2, F3, F4):spawn()
-local R5 = evo.builder():require(F1, F2, F3, F4, F5):spawn()
-
-print '----------------------------------------'
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create %d tables', N),
-    ---@param tables table[]
-    function(tables)
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local t = {}
-            tables[i] = t
-        end
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and collect %d tables', N),
-    ---@param tables table[]
-    function(tables)
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local t = {}
-            tables[i] = t
-        end
-
-        for i = 1, #tables do
-            tables[i] = nil
-        end
-
-        collectgarbage('collect')
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-print '----------------------------------------'
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create %d tables with 1 component / AoS', N),
-    ---@param tables table
-    function(tables)
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local e = {}
-            e[F1] = true
-            tables[i] = e
-        end
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create %d tables with 2 component / AoS', N),
-    ---@param tables table
-    function(tables)
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local e = {}
-            e[F1] = true
-            e[F2] = true
-            tables[i] = e
-        end
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create %d tables with 3 component / AoS', N),
-    ---@param tables table
-    function(tables)
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local e = {}
-            e[F1] = true
-            e[F2] = true
-            e[F3] = true
-            tables[i] = e
-        end
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create %d tables with 4 component / AoS', N),
-    ---@param tables table
-    function(tables)
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local e = {}
-            e[F1] = true
-            e[F2] = true
-            e[F3] = true
-            e[F4] = true
-            tables[i] = e
-        end
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create %d tables with 5 component / AoS', N),
-    ---@param tables table
-    function(tables)
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local e = {}
-            e[F1] = true
-            e[F2] = true
-            e[F3] = true
-            e[F4] = true
-            e[F5] = true
-            tables[i] = e
-        end
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-print '----------------------------------------'
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create %d tables with 1 component / SoA', N),
-    ---@param tables table
-    function(tables)
-        local fs1 = {}
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local e = {}
-            fs1[i] = true
-            tables[i] = e
-        end
-        tables[F1] = fs1
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create %d tables with 2 component / SoA', N),
-    ---@param tables table
-    function(tables)
-        local fs1 = {}
-        local fs2 = {}
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local e = {}
-            fs1[i] = true
-            fs2[i] = true
-            tables[i] = e
-        end
-        tables[F1] = fs1
-        tables[F2] = fs2
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create %d tables with 3 component / SoA', N),
-    ---@param tables table
-    function(tables)
-        local fs1 = {}
-        local fs2 = {}
-        local fs3 = {}
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local e = {}
-            fs1[i] = true
-            fs2[i] = true
-            fs3[i] = true
-            tables[i] = e
-        end
-        tables[F1] = fs1
-        tables[F2] = fs2
-        tables[F3] = fs3
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create %d tables with 4 component / SoA', N),
-    ---@param tables table
-    function(tables)
-        local fs1 = {}
-        local fs2 = {}
-        local fs3 = {}
-        local fs4 = {}
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local e = {}
-            fs1[i] = i
-            fs2[i] = i
-            fs3[i] = i
-            fs4[i] = i
-            tables[i] = e
-        end
-        tables[F1] = fs1
-        tables[F2] = fs2
-        tables[F3] = fs3
-        tables[F4] = fs4
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create %d tables with 5 component / SoA', N),
-    ---@param tables table
-    function(tables)
-        local fs1 = {}
-        local fs2 = {}
-        local fs3 = {}
-        local fs4 = {}
-        local fs5 = {}
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local e = {}
-            fs1[i] = i
-            fs2[i] = i
-            fs3[i] = i
-            fs4[i] = i
-            fs5[i] = i
-            tables[i] = e
-        end
-        tables[F1] = fs1
-        tables[F2] = fs2
-        tables[F3] = fs3
-        tables[F4] = fs4
-        tables[F5] = fs5
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-print '----------------------------------------'
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local id = evo.id
-        local destroy = evo.destroy
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local e = id()
-            entities[i] = e
-        end
-
-        for i = #entities, 1, -1 do
-            destroy(entities[i])
-        end
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 1 component', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local id = evo.id
-        local set = evo.set
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local e = id()
-            set(e, F1)
-            entities[i] = e
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 2 components', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local id = evo.id
-        local set = evo.set
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local e = id()
-            set(e, F1)
-            set(e, F2)
-            entities[i] = e
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 3 components', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local id = evo.id
-        local set = evo.set
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local e = id()
-            set(e, F1)
-            set(e, F2)
-            set(e, F3)
-            entities[i] = e
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 4 components', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local id = evo.id
-        local set = evo.set
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local e = id()
-            set(e, F1)
-            set(e, F2)
-            set(e, F3)
-            set(e, F4)
-            entities[i] = e
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 5 components', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local id = evo.id
-        local set = evo.set
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local e = id()
-            set(e, F1)
-            set(e, F2)
-            set(e, F3)
-            set(e, F4)
-            set(e, F5)
-            entities[i] = e
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-print '----------------------------------------'
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 1 components / defer', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local id = evo.id
-        local set = evo.set
-
-        evo.defer()
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local e = id()
-            set(e, F1)
-            entities[i] = e
-        end
-        evo.commit()
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 2 components / defer', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local id = evo.id
-        local set = evo.set
-
-        evo.defer()
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local e = id()
-            set(e, F1)
-            set(e, F2)
-            entities[i] = e
-        end
-        evo.commit()
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 3 components / defer', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local id = evo.id
-        local set = evo.set
-
-        evo.defer()
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local e = id()
-            set(e, F1)
-            set(e, F2)
-            set(e, F3)
-            entities[i] = e
-        end
-        evo.commit()
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 4 components / defer', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local id = evo.id
-        local set = evo.set
-
-        evo.defer()
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local e = id()
-            set(e, F1)
-            set(e, F2)
-            set(e, F3)
-            set(e, F4)
-            entities[i] = e
-        end
-        evo.commit()
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 5 components / defer', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local id = evo.id
-        local set = evo.set
-
-        evo.defer()
-        for i = 1, N do
-            local e = id()
-            set(e, F1)
-            set(e, F2)
-            set(e, F3)
-            set(e, F4)
-            set(e, F5)
-            entities[i] = e
-        end
-        evo.commit()
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-print '----------------------------------------'
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 1 components / builder', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local set = B.set
-        local spawn = B.spawn
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            set(B, F1)
-            entities[i] = spawn(B)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 2 components / builder', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local set = B.set
-        local spawn = B.spawn
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            set(B, F1)
-            set(B, F2)
-            entities[i] = spawn(B)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 3 components / builder', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local set = B.set
-        local spawn = B.spawn
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            set(B, F1)
-            set(B, F2)
-            set(B, F3)
-            entities[i] = spawn(B)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 4 components / builder', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local set = B.set
-        local spawn = B.spawn
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            set(B, F1)
-            set(B, F2)
-            set(B, F3)
-            set(B, F4)
-            entities[i] = spawn(B)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 5 components / builder', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local set = B.set
-        local spawn = B.spawn
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            set(B, F1)
-            set(B, F2)
-            set(B, F3)
-            set(B, F4)
-            set(B, F5)
-            entities[i] = spawn(B)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-print '----------------------------------------'
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 1 components / spawn', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local spawn = evo.spawn
-
-        local components = { [F1] = true }
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            entities[i] = spawn(components)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 2 components / spawn', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local spawn = evo.spawn
-
-        local components = { [F1] = true, [F2] = true }
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            entities[i] = spawn(components)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 3 components / spawn', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local spawn = evo.spawn
-
-        local components = { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true }
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            entities[i] = spawn(components)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 4 components / spawn', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local spawn = evo.spawn
-
-        local components = { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true, [F4] = true }
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            entities[i] = spawn(components)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 5 components / spawn', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local spawn = evo.spawn
-
-        local components = { [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true, [F4] = true, [F5] = true }
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            entities[i] = spawn(components)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-print '----------------------------------------'
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 1 components / clone', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local clone = evo.clone
-
-        local prefab = evo.spawn({ [F1] = true })
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            entities[i] = clone(prefab)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 2 components / clone', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local clone = evo.clone
-
-        local prefab = evo.spawn({ [F1] = true, [F2] = true })
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            entities[i] = clone(prefab)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 3 components / clone', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local clone = evo.clone
-
-        local prefab = evo.spawn({ [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true })
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            entities[i] = clone(prefab)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 4 components / clone', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local clone = evo.clone
-
-        local prefab = evo.spawn({ [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true, [F4] = true })
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            entities[i] = clone(prefab)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 5 components / clone', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local clone = evo.clone
-
-        local prefab = evo.spawn({ [F1] = true, [F2] = true, [F3] = true, [F4] = true, [F5] = true })
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            entities[i] = clone(prefab)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-print '----------------------------------------'
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 1 requires / spawn', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local spawn = evo.spawn
-
-        local components = { [R1] = true }
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            entities[i] = spawn(components)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 2 requires / spawn', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local spawn = evo.spawn
-
-        local components = { [R2] = true }
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            entities[i] = spawn(components)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 3 requires / spawn', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local spawn = evo.spawn
-
-        local components = { [R3] = true }
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            entities[i] = spawn(components)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 4 requires / spawn', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local spawn = evo.spawn
-
-        local components = { [R4] = true }
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            entities[i] = spawn(components)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 5 requires / spawn', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local spawn = evo.spawn
-
-        local components = { [R5] = true }
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            entities[i] = spawn(components)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-print '----------------------------------------'
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 1 requires / clone', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local clone = evo.clone
-
-        local prefab = evo.spawn({ [R1] = true })
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            entities[i] = clone(prefab)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 2 requires / clone', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local clone = evo.clone
-
-        local prefab = evo.spawn({ [R2] = true })
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            entities[i] = clone(prefab)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 3 requires / clone', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local clone = evo.clone
-
-        local prefab = evo.spawn({ [R3] = true })
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            entities[i] = clone(prefab)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 4 requires / clone', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local clone = evo.clone
-
-        local prefab = evo.spawn({ [R4] = true })
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            entities[i] = clone(prefab)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('create and destroy %d entities with 5 requires / clone', N),
-    ---@param entities evolved.id[]
-    function(entities)
-        local clone = evo.clone
-
-        local prefab = evo.spawn({ [R5] = true })
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            entities[i] = clone(prefab)
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(Q1)
-    end, function()
-        return {}
-    end)

develop/usbench.lua

@@ -1,374 +0,0 @@
-local basics = require 'develop.basics'
-basics.unload 'evolved'
-
-local evo = require 'evolved'
-local tiny = require 'develop.3rdparty.tiny'
-
-local N = 1000
-
-print '----------------------------------------'
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('Tiny Entity Cycle: %d entities', N),
-    function(world)
-        world:update(0.016)
-    end, function()
-        local world = tiny.world()
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            world:addEntity({ a = i })
-        end
-
-        local A = tiny.processingSystem()
-        A.filter = tiny.requireAll('a')
-        A.process = function(_, e) world:addEntity({ b = e.a }) end
-        A.postProcess = function(_) world:refresh() end
-
-        local B = tiny.processingSystem()
-        B.filter = tiny.requireAll('b')
-        B.process = function(_, e) world:removeEntity(e) end
-        B.postProcess = function(_) world:refresh() end
-
-        world:addSystem(A)
-        world:addSystem(B)
-
-        world:refresh()
-
-        return world
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('Evolved Entity Cycle (Defer): %d entities', N),
-    function(a, b, A, B)
-        evo.defer()
-        do
-            for chunk, _, entity_count in evo.execute(A) do
-                local as = chunk:components(a)
-                for i = 1, entity_count do
-                    evo.set(evo.id(), b, as[i])
-                end
-            end
-        end
-        evo.commit()
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(B)
-    end, function()
-        local a, b = evo.id(2)
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            evo.builder():set(a, i):spawn()
-        end
-
-        local A = evo.builder():include(a):spawn()
-        local B = evo.builder():include(b):spawn()
-
-        return a, b, A, B
-    end, function(_, _, A, _)
-        evo.batch_destroy(A)
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('Evolved Entity Cycle (Manual): %d entities', N),
-    function(a, b, A, B)
-        local to_create = {}
-        local to_create_count = 0
-
-        for chunk, _, entity_count in evo.execute(A) do
-            local as = chunk:components(a)
-            for i = 1, entity_count do
-                to_create_count = to_create_count + 1
-                to_create[to_create_count] = as[i]
-            end
-        end
-
-        for i = 1, to_create_count do
-            local e = evo.id()
-            evo.set(e, b, to_create[i])
-        end
-
-        evo.batch_destroy(B)
-    end, function()
-        local a, b = evo.id(2)
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            evo.builder():set(a, i):spawn()
-        end
-
-        local A = evo.builder():include(a):spawn()
-        local B = evo.builder():include(b):spawn()
-
-        return a, b, A, B
-    end, function(_, _, A, _)
-        evo.batch_destroy(A)
-    end)
-
-print '----------------------------------------'
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('Tiny Simple Iteration: %d entities', N),
-    function(world)
-        world:update(0.016)
-    end, function()
-        local world = tiny.world()
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            world:addEntity({ a = i, b = i })
-            world:addEntity({ a = i, b = i, c = i })
-            world:addEntity({ a = i, b = i, c = i, d = i })
-            world:addEntity({ a = i, b = i, c = i, e = i })
-        end
-
-        local AB = tiny.processingSystem()
-        AB.filter = tiny.requireAll('a', 'b')
-        AB.process = function(_, e) e.a, e.b = e.b, e.a end
-
-        local CD = tiny.processingSystem()
-        CD.filter = tiny.requireAll('c', 'd')
-        CD.process = function(_, e) e.c, e.d = e.d, e.c end
-
-        local CE = tiny.processingSystem()
-        CE.filter = tiny.requireAll('c', 'e')
-        CE.process = function(_, e) e.c, e.e = e.e, e.c end
-
-        world:addSystem(AB)
-        world:addSystem(CD)
-        world:addSystem(CE)
-
-        world:refresh()
-
-        return world
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('Evolved Simple Iteration: %d entities', N),
-    ---@param a evolved.entity
-    ---@param b evolved.entity
-    ---@param c evolved.entity
-    ---@param d evolved.entity
-    ---@param e evolved.entity
-    ---@param AB evolved.query
-    ---@param CD evolved.query
-    ---@param CE evolved.query
-    function(a, b, c, d, e, AB, CD, CE)
-        for chunk, _, entity_count in evo.execute(AB) do
-            local as, bs = chunk:components(a, b)
-            for i = 1, entity_count do
-                as[i], bs[i] = bs[i], as[i]
-            end
-        end
-
-        for chunk, _, entity_count in evo.execute(CD) do
-            local cs, ds = chunk:components(c, d)
-            for i = 1, entity_count do
-                cs[i], ds[i] = ds[i], cs[i]
-            end
-        end
-
-        for chunk, _, entity_count in evo.execute(CE) do
-            local cs, es = chunk:components(c, e)
-            for i = 1, entity_count do
-                cs[i], es[i] = es[i], cs[i]
-            end
-        end
-    end, function()
-        local a, b, c, d, e = evo.id(5)
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            evo.builder():set(a, i):set(b, i):spawn()
-            evo.builder():set(a, i):set(b, i):set(c, i):spawn()
-            evo.builder():set(a, i):set(b, i):set(c, i):set(d, i):spawn()
-            evo.builder():set(a, i):set(b, i):set(c, i):set(e, i):spawn()
-        end
-
-        local AB = evo.builder():include(a, b):spawn()
-        local CD = evo.builder():include(c, d):spawn()
-        local CE = evo.builder():include(c, e):spawn()
-
-        return a, b, c, d, e, AB, CD, CE
-    end, function(_, _, _, _, _, AB, CD, CE)
-        evo.batch_destroy(AB)
-        evo.batch_destroy(CD)
-        evo.batch_destroy(CE)
-    end)
-
-print '----------------------------------------'
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('Tiny Packed Iteration: %d entities', N),
-    function(world)
-        world:update(0.016)
-    end, function()
-        local world = tiny.world()
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            world:addEntity({ a = i, b = i, c = i, d = i, e = i })
-        end
-
-        local A = tiny.processingSystem()
-        A.filter = tiny.requireAll('a')
-        A.process = function(_, e) e.a = e.a * 2 end
-
-        local B = tiny.processingSystem()
-        B.filter = tiny.requireAll('b')
-        B.process = function(_, e) e.b = e.b * 2 end
-
-        local C = tiny.processingSystem()
-        C.filter = tiny.requireAll('c')
-        C.process = function(_, e) e.c = e.c * 2 end
-
-        local D = tiny.processingSystem()
-        D.filter = tiny.requireAll('d')
-        D.process = function(_, e) e.d = e.d * 2 end
-
-        local E = tiny.processingSystem()
-        E.filter = tiny.requireAll('e')
-        E.process = function(_, e) e.e = e.e * 2 end
-
-        world:addSystem(A)
-        world:addSystem(B)
-        world:addSystem(C)
-        world:addSystem(D)
-        world:addSystem(E)
-
-        world:refresh()
-
-        return world
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('Evolved Packed Iteration: %d entities', N),
-    ---@param a evolved.entity
-    ---@param b evolved.entity
-    ---@param c evolved.entity
-    ---@param d evolved.entity
-    ---@param e evolved.entity
-    ---@param A evolved.query
-    ---@param B evolved.query
-    ---@param C evolved.query
-    ---@param D evolved.query
-    ---@param E evolved.query
-    function(a, b, c, d, e, A, B, C, D, E)
-        for chunk, _, entity_count in evo.execute(A) do
-            local as = chunk:components(a)
-            for i = 1, entity_count do
-                as[i] = as[i] * 2
-            end
-        end
-
-        for chunk, _, entity_count in evo.execute(B) do
-            local bs = chunk:components(b)
-            for i = 1, entity_count do
-                bs[i] = bs[i] * 2
-            end
-        end
-
-        for chunk, _, entity_count in evo.execute(C) do
-            local cs = chunk:components(c)
-            for i = 1, entity_count do
-                cs[i] = cs[i] * 2
-            end
-        end
-
-        for chunk, _, entity_count in evo.execute(D) do
-            local ds = chunk:components(d)
-            for i = 1, entity_count do
-                ds[i] = ds[i] * 2
-            end
-        end
-
-        for chunk, _, entity_count in evo.execute(E) do
-            local es = chunk:components(e)
-            for i = 1, entity_count do
-                es[i] = es[i] * 2
-            end
-        end
-    end, function()
-        local a, b, c, d, e = evo.id(5)
-
-        for i = 1, N do
-            evo.builder():set(a, i):set(b, i):set(c, i):set(d, i):set(e, i):spawn()
-        end
-
-        local A = evo.builder():include(a):spawn()
-        local B = evo.builder():include(b):spawn()
-        local C = evo.builder():include(c):spawn()
-        local D = evo.builder():include(d):spawn()
-        local E = evo.builder():include(e):spawn()
-
-        return a, b, c, d, e, A, B, C, D, E
-    end, function(_, _, _, _, _, A, _, _, _, _)
-        evo.batch_destroy(A)
-    end)
-
-print '----------------------------------------'
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('Tiny Fragmented Iteration: %d entities', N),
-    function(world)
-        world:update(0.016)
-    end, function()
-        local world = tiny.world()
-
-        ---@type string[]
-        local chars = {}
-
-        for i = 1, 26 do
-            chars[i] = string.char(string.byte('a') + i - 1)
-        end
-
-        for _, char in ipairs(chars) do
-            for i = 1, N do
-                world:addEntity({ [char] = i, data = i })
-            end
-        end
-
-        local Data = tiny.processingSystem()
-        Data.filter = tiny.requireAll('data')
-        Data.process = function(_, e) e.data = e.data * 2 end
-
-        local Last = tiny.processingSystem()
-        Last.filter = tiny.requireAll('z')
-        Last.process = function(_, e) e.z = e.z * 2 end
-
-        world:addSystem(Data)
-        world:addSystem(Last)
-
-        world:refresh()
-
-        return world
-    end)
-
-basics.describe_bench(string.format('Evolved Fragmented Iteration: %d entities', N),
-    ---@param data evolved.entity
-    ---@param last evolved.entity
-    ---@param Data evolved.query
-    ---@param Last evolved.query
-    function(data, last, Data, Last)
-        for chunk, _, entity_count in evo.execute(Data) do
-            local ds = chunk:components(data)
-            for i = 1, entity_count do
-                ds[i] = ds[i] * 2
-            end
-        end
-
-        for chunk, _, entity_count in evo.execute(Last) do
-            local ls = chunk:components(last)
-            for i = 1, entity_count do
-                ls[i] = ls[i] * 2
-            end
-        end
-    end, function()
-        local data = evo.id()
-
-        ---@type evolved.fragment[]
-        local chars = {}
-
-        for i = 1, 26 do
-            chars[i] = evo.id()
-        end
-
-        for _, char in ipairs(chars) do
-            for i = 1, N do
-                evo.builder():set(char, i):set(data, i):spawn()
-            end
-        end
-
-        local Data = evo.builder():include(data):spawn()
-        local Last = evo.builder():include(chars[#chars]):spawn()
-
-        return data, chars[#chars], Data, Last
-    end, function(_, _, Data, _)
-        evo.batch_destroy(Data)
-    end)

evolved.d.tl

@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+local record Evolved
+    interface Id end
+
+    type Entity = Id
+    type Fragment = Id
+    type Query = Id
+    type System = Id
+
+    interface EachState end
+    interface ExecuteState end
+
+    type EachIterator = function(state?: EachState): Fragment, any
+    type ExecuteIterator = function(state?: ExecuteState): Chunk, { Entity }, integer
+
+    interface Chunk
+        alive: function(self: Chunk): boolean
+        empty: function(self: Chunk): boolean
+
+        has: function(self: Chunk, fragment: Fragment): boolean
+        has_all: function(self: Chunk, ...: Fragment): boolean
+        has_any: function(self: Chunk, ...: Fragment): boolean
+
+        entities: function(self: Chunk): { Entity }, integer
+        fragments: function(self: Chunk): { Fragment }, integer
+
+        components: function(self: Chunk)
+        components: function<C1>(self: Chunk, f1: Fragment): { C1 }
+        components: function<C1, C2>(self: Chunk, f1: Fragment, f2: Fragment): { C1 }, { C2 }
+        components: function<C1, C2, C3>(self: Chunk, f1: Fragment, f2: Fragment, f3: Fragment): { C1 }, { C2 }, { C3 }
+        components: function<C1, C2, C3, C4>(self: Chunk, f1: Fragment, f2: Fragment, f3: Fragment, f4: Fragment): { C1 }, { C2 }, { C3 }, { C4 }
+    end
+
+    interface Builder
+        build: function(self: Builder,
+            prefab?: Entity,
+            component_mapper?: function(Chunk, integer)): Entity
+
+        multi_build: function(self: Builder,
+            entity_count: integer,
+            prefab?: Entity,
+            component_mapper?: function(Chunk, integer, integer)): { Entity }, integer
+
+        multi_build_nr: function(self: Builder,
+            entity_count: integer,
+            prefab?: Entity,
+            component_mapper?: function(Chunk, integer, integer))
+
+        multi_build_to: function(self: Builder,
+            out_entity_list: { Entity },
+            out_entity_first: integer,
+            entity_count: integer,
+            prefab?: Entity,
+            component_mapper?: function(Chunk, integer, integer))
+
+        spawn: function(self: Builder,
+            component_mapper?: function(Chunk, integer)): Entity
+
+        multi_spawn: function(self: Builder,
+            entity_count: integer,
+            component_mapper?: function(Chunk, integer, integer)): { Entity }, integer
+
+        multi_spawn_nr: function(self: Builder,
+            entity_count: integer,
+            component_mapper?: function(Chunk, integer, integer))
+
+        multi_spawn_to: function(self: Builder,
+            out_entity_list: { Entity },
+            out_entity_first: integer,
+            entity_count: integer,
+            component_mapper?: function(Chunk, integer, integer))
+
+        clone: function(self: Builder,
+            prefab: Entity,
+            component_mapper?: function(Chunk, integer)): Entity
+
+        multi_clone: function(self: Builder,
+            entity_count: integer,
+            prefab: Entity,
+            component_mapper?: function(Chunk, integer, integer)): { Entity }, integer
+
+        multi_clone_nr: function(self: Builder,
+            entity_count: integer,
+            prefab: Entity,
+            component_mapper?: function(Chunk, integer, integer))
+
+        multi_clone_to: function(self: Builder,
+            out_entity_list: { Entity },
+            out_entity_first: integer,
+            entity_count: integer,
+            prefab: Entity,
+            component_mapper?: function(Chunk, integer, integer))
+
+        has: function(self: Builder, fragment: Fragment): boolean
+        has_all: function(self: Builder, ...: Fragment): boolean
+        has_any: function(self: Builder, ...: Fragment): boolean
+
+        get: function(self: Builder)
+        get: function<C1>(self: Builder, f1: Fragment): C1 | nil
+        get: function<C1, C2>(self: Builder, f1: Fragment, f2: Fragment): C1 | nil, C2 | nil
+        get: function<C1, C2, C3>(self: Builder, f1: Fragment, f2: Fragment, f3: Fragment): C1 | nil, C2 | nil, C3 | nil
+        get: function<C1, C2, C3, C4>(self: Builder, f1: Fragment, f2: Fragment, f3: Fragment, f4: Fragment): C1 | nil, C2 | nil, C3 | nil, C4 | nil
+
+        set: function<Component>(self: Builder, fragment: Fragment, component?: Component): Builder
+        remove: function(self: Builder, ...: Fragment): Builder
+        clear: function(self: Builder): Builder
+
+        tag: function(self: Builder): Builder
+        name: function(self: Builder, name: string): Builder
+
+        unique: function(self: Builder): Builder
+        explicit: function(self: Builder): Builder
+        internal: function(self: Builder): Builder
+
+        default: function<Component>(self: Builder, default: Component): Builder
+        duplicate: function<Component>(self: Builder, duplicate: function(Component): Component): Builder
+
+        realloc: function<Component>(self: Builder, realloc: function({ Component } | nil, integer, integer): { Component } | nil): Builder
+        compmove: function<Component>(self: Builder, compmove: function({ Component }, integer, integer, integer, { Component })): Builder
+
+        prefab: function(self: Builder): Builder
+        disabled: function(self: Builder): Builder
+
+        include: function(self: Builder, ...: Fragment): Builder
+        exclude: function(self: Builder, ...: Fragment): Builder
+        variant: function(self: Builder, ...: Fragment): Builder
+        require: function(self: Builder, ...: Fragment): Builder
+
+        on_set: function<Component>(self: Builder, on_set: function(Entity, Fragment, ? Component, ? Component)): Builder
+        on_assign: function<Component>(self: Builder, on_assign: function(Entity, Fragment, ? Component, ? Component)): Builder
+        on_insert: function<Component>(self: Builder, on_insert: function(Entity, Fragment, ? Component)): Builder
+        on_remove: function<Component>(self: Builder, on_remove: function(Entity, Fragment, ? Component)): Builder
+
+        group: function(self: Builder, group: System): Builder
+
+        query: function(self: Builder, query: Query): Builder
+        execute: function(self: Builder, execute: function(Chunk, {Entity}, integer, ...: any)): Builder
+
+        prologue: function(self: Builder, prologue: function(...: any)): Builder
+        epilogue: function(self: Builder, epilogue: function(...: any)): Builder
+
+        destruction_policy: function(self: Builder, destruction_policy: Id): Builder
+    end
+
+    TAG: Fragment
+    NAME: Fragment
+
+    UNIQUE: Fragment
+    EXPLICIT: Fragment
+    INTERNAL: Fragment
+
+    DEFAULT: Fragment
+    DUPLICATE: Fragment
+
+    REALLOC: Fragment
+    COMPMOVE: Fragment
+
+    PREFAB: Fragment
+    DISABLED: Fragment
+
+    INCLUDES: Fragment
+    EXCLUDES: Fragment
+    VARIANTS: Fragment
+    REQUIRES: Fragment
+
+    ON_SET: Fragment
+    ON_ASSIGN: Fragment
+    ON_INSERT: Fragment
+    ON_REMOVE: Fragment
+
+    GROUP: Fragment
+
+    QUERY: Fragment
+    EXECUTE: Fragment
+    PROLOGUE: Fragment
+    EPILOGUE: Fragment
+
+    DESTRUCTION_POLICY: Fragment
+    DESTRUCTION_POLICY_DESTROY_ENTITY: Id
+    DESTRUCTION_POLICY_REMOVE_FRAGMENT: Id
+
+    id: function(count?: integer): Id...
+    name: function(...: Id): string...
+
+    pack: function(primary: integer, secondary: integer): Id
+    unpack: function(id: Id): integer, integer
+
+    defer: function(): boolean
+    depth: function(): integer
+    commit: function(): boolean
+    cancel: function(): boolean
+
+    spawn: function(
+        component_table?: { Fragment: any },
+        component_mapper?: function(Chunk, integer)): Entity
+
+    multi_spawn: function(
+        entity_count: integer,
+        component_table?: { Fragment: any },
+        component_mapper?: function(Chunk, integer, integer)): { Entity }, integer
+
+    multi_spawn_nr: function(
+        entity_count: integer,
+        component_table?: { Fragment: any },
+        component_mapper?: function(Chunk, integer, integer))
+
+    multi_spawn_to: function(
+        out_entity_list: { Entity },
+        out_entity_first: integer,
+        entity_count: integer,
+        component_table?: { Fragment: any },
+        component_mapper?: function(Chunk, integer, integer))
+
+    clone: function(
+        prefab: Entity,
+        component_table?: { Fragment: any },
+        component_mapper?: function(Chunk, integer)): Entity
+
+    multi_clone: function(
+        entity_count: integer,
+        prefab: Entity,
+        component_table?: { Fragment: any },
+        component_mapper?: function(Chunk, integer, integer)): { Entity }, integer
+
+    multi_clone_nr: function(
+        entity_count: integer,
+        prefab: Entity,
+        component_table?: { Fragment: any },
+        component_mapper?: function(Chunk, integer, integer))
+
+    multi_clone_to: function(
+        out_entity_list: { Entity },
+        out_entity_first: integer,
+        entity_count: integer,
+        prefab: Entity,
+        component_table?: { Fragment: any },
+        component_mapper?: function(Chunk, integer, integer))
+
+    alive: function(entity: Entity): boolean
+    alive_all: function(...: Entity): boolean
+    alive_any: function(...: Entity): boolean
+
+    empty: function(entity: Entity): boolean
+    empty_all: function(...: Entity): boolean
+    empty_any: function(...: Entity): boolean
+
+    has: function(entity: Entity, fragment: Fragment): boolean
+    has_all: function(entity: Entity, ...: Fragment): boolean
+    has_any: function(entity: Entity, ...: Fragment): boolean
+
+    get: function(entity: Entity)
+    get: function<C1>(entity: Entity, f1: Fragment): C1 | nil
+    get: function<C1, C2>(entity: Entity, f1: Fragment, f2: Fragment): C1 | nil, C2 | nil
+    get: function<C1, C2, C3>(entity: Entity, f1: Fragment, f2: Fragment, f3: Fragment): C1 | nil, C2 | nil, C3 | nil
+    get: function<C1, C2, C3, C4>(entity: Entity, f1: Fragment, f2: Fragment, f3: Fragment, f4: Fragment): C1 | nil, C2 | nil, C3 | nil, C4 | nil
+
+    set: function<Component>(entity: Entity, fragment: Fragment, component?: Component)
+    remove: function(entity: Entity, ...: Fragment)
+    clear: function(...: Entity)
+    destroy: function(...: Entity)
+
+    batch_set: function<Component>(query: Query, fragment: Fragment, component?: Component)
+    batch_remove: function(query: Query, ...: Fragment)
+    batch_clear: function(...: Query)
+    batch_destroy: function(...: Query)
+
+    each: function(entity: Entity): EachIterator, EachState | nil
+    execute: function(query: Query): ExecuteIterator, ExecuteState | nil
+
+    locate: function(entity: Entity): Chunk | nil, integer
+
+    lookup: function(name: string): Entity | nil
+    multi_lookup: function(name: string): { Entity }, integer
+    multi_lookup_to: function(out_entity_list: { Entity }, out_entity_first: integer, name: string): integer
+
+    process: function(...: System)
+    process_with: function(system: System, ...: any)
+
+    debug_mode: function(yesno: boolean)
+    collect_garbage: function(no_shrink?: boolean)
+
+    chunk: function(fragment: Fragment, ...: Fragment): Chunk, { Entity }, integer
+    builder: function(): Builder
+end
+
+return Evolved

example/conf.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+if os.getenv('LOCAL_LUA_DEBUGGER_VSCODE') == '1' then
+    require('lldebugger').start()
+end
+
+---@type love.conf
+function love.conf(t)
+    t.window.title = 'Evolved Example'
+    t.window.width = 640
+    t.window.height = 480
+end

example/main.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+local evolved = require 'evolved'
+
+local STAGES = {
+    ON_SETUP = evolved.builder()
+        :name('STAGES.ON_SETUP')
+        :build(),
+    ON_UPDATE = evolved.builder()
+        :name('STAGES.ON_UPDATE')
+        :build(),
+    ON_RENDER = evolved.builder()
+        :name('STAGES.ON_RENDER')
+        :build(),
+}
+
+local FRAGMENTS = {
+    POSITION_X = evolved.builder()
+        :name('FRAGMENTS.POSITION_X')
+        :default(0)
+        :build(),
+    POSITION_Y = evolved.builder()
+        :name('FRAGMENTS.POSITION_Y')
+        :default(0)
+        :build(),
+    VELOCITY_X = evolved.builder()
+        :name('FRAGMENTS.VELOCITY_X')
+        :default(0)
+        :build(),
+    VELOCITY_Y = evolved.builder()
+        :name('FRAGMENTS.VELOCITY_Y')
+        :default(0)
+        :build(),
+}
+
+local PREFABS = {
+    CIRCLE = evolved.builder()
+        :name('PREFABS.CIRCLE')
+        :prefab()
+        :set(FRAGMENTS.POSITION_X)
+        :set(FRAGMENTS.POSITION_Y)
+        :set(FRAGMENTS.VELOCITY_X)
+        :set(FRAGMENTS.VELOCITY_Y)
+        :build(),
+}
+
+---
+---
+---
+---
+---
+
+evolved.builder()
+    :name('SYSTEMS.STARTUP')
+    :group(STAGES.ON_SETUP)
+    :prologue(function()
+        evolved.multi_clone_nr(500, PREFABS.CIRCLE, nil, function(chunk, b_place, e_place)
+            local screen_width, screen_height = love.graphics.getDimensions()
+
+            ---@type number[], number[]
+            local position_xs, position_ys = chunk:components(
+                FRAGMENTS.POSITION_X, FRAGMENTS.POSITION_Y)
+
+            ---@type number[], number[]
+            local velocity_xs, velocity_ys = chunk:components(
+                FRAGMENTS.VELOCITY_X, FRAGMENTS.VELOCITY_Y)
+
+            for i = b_place, e_place do
+                local px = math.random() * screen_width
+                local py = math.random() * screen_height
+
+                local vx = math.random(-100, 100)
+                local vy = math.random(-100, 100)
+
+                position_xs[i], position_ys[i] = px, py
+                velocity_xs[i], velocity_ys[i] = vx, vy
+            end
+        end)
+    end):build()
+
+evolved.builder()
+    :name('SYSTEMS.MOVEMENT')
+    :group(STAGES.ON_UPDATE)
+    :include(FRAGMENTS.POSITION_X, FRAGMENTS.POSITION_Y)
+    :include(FRAGMENTS.VELOCITY_X, FRAGMENTS.VELOCITY_Y)
+    :execute(function(chunk, _, entity_count, delta_time)
+        local screen_width, screen_height = love.graphics.getDimensions()
+
+        ---@type number[], number[]
+        local position_xs, position_ys = chunk:components(
+            FRAGMENTS.POSITION_X, FRAGMENTS.POSITION_Y)
+
+        ---@type number[], number[]
+        local velocity_xs, velocity_ys = chunk:components(
+            FRAGMENTS.VELOCITY_X, FRAGMENTS.VELOCITY_Y)
+
+        for i = 1, entity_count do
+            local px, py = position_xs[i], position_ys[i]
+            local vx, vy = velocity_xs[i], velocity_ys[i]
+
+            px = px + vx * delta_time
+            py = py + vy * delta_time
+
+            if px < 0 and vx < 0 then
+                vx = -vx
+            elseif px > screen_width and vx > 0 then
+                vx = -vx
+            end
+
+            if py < 0 and vy < 0 then
+                vy = -vy
+            elseif py > screen_height and vy > 0 then
+                vy = -vy
+            end
+
+            position_xs[i], position_ys[i] = px, py
+            velocity_xs[i], velocity_ys[i] = vx, vy
+        end
+    end):build()
+
+evolved.builder()
+    :name('SYSTEMS.RENDERING')
+    :group(STAGES.ON_RENDER)
+    :include(FRAGMENTS.POSITION_X, FRAGMENTS.POSITION_Y)
+    :execute(function(chunk, _, entity_count)
+        ---@type number[], number[]
+        local position_xs, position_ys = chunk:components(
+            FRAGMENTS.POSITION_X, FRAGMENTS.POSITION_Y)
+
+        for i = 1, entity_count do
+            local x, y = position_xs[i], position_ys[i]
+            love.graphics.circle('fill', x, y, 5)
+        end
+    end):build()
+
+evolved.builder()
+    :name('SYSTEMS.DEBUGGING')
+    :group(STAGES.ON_RENDER)
+    :epilogue(function()
+        local fps = love.timer.getFPS()
+        local mem = collectgarbage('count')
+        love.graphics.print(string.format('FPS: %d', fps), 10, 10)
+        love.graphics.print(string.format('MEM: %d KB', mem), 10, 30)
+    end):build()
+
+---
+---
+---
+---
+---
+
+---@type love.load
+function love.load()
+    evolved.process(STAGES.ON_SETUP)
+end
+
+---@type love.update
+function love.update(dt)
+    evolved.process_with(STAGES.ON_UPDATE, dt)
+end
+
+---@type love.draw
+function love.draw()
+    evolved.process(STAGES.ON_RENDER)
+end
+
+---@type love.keypressed
+function love.keypressed(key)
+    if key == 'escape' then
+        love.event.quit()
+    end
+end

rockspecs/evolved.lua-1.10.0-0.rockspec

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+rockspec_format = "3.0"
+package = "evolved.lua"
+version = "1.10.0-0"
+source = {
+   url = "git://github.com/BlackMATov/evolved.lua",
+   tag = "v1.10.0",
+}
+description = {
+   homepage = "https://github.com/BlackMATov/evolved.lua",
+   summary = "Evolved ECS (Entity-Component-System) for Lua",
+   detailed = [[
+      `evolved.lua` is a fast and flexible ECS (Entity-Component-System) library for Lua.
+      It is designed to be simple and easy to use, while providing all the features needed to create complex systems with blazing performance.
+   ]],
+   license = "MIT",
+   labels = {
+      "ecs",
+      "entity",
+      "entities",
+      "component",
+      "components",
+      "entity-component",
+      "entity-component-system",
+   },
+}
+dependencies = {
+   "lua >= 5.1",
+}
+build = {
+   type = "builtin",
+   modules = {
+      evolved = "evolved.lua",
+   }
+}

rockspecs/evolved.lua-1.3.0-0.rockspec

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+rockspec_format = "3.0"
+package = "evolved.lua"
+version = "1.3.0-0"
+source = {
+   url = "git://github.com/BlackMATov/evolved.lua",
+   tag = "v1.3.0",
+}
+description = {
+   homepage = "https://github.com/BlackMATov/evolved.lua",
+   summary = "Evolved ECS (Entity-Component-System) for Lua",
+   detailed = [[
+      `evolved.lua` is a fast and flexible ECS (Entity-Component-System) library for Lua.
+      It is designed to be simple and easy to use, while providing all the features needed to create complex systems with blazing performance.
+   ]],
+   license = "MIT",
+   labels = {
+      "ecs",
+      "entity",
+      "entities",
+      "component",
+      "components",
+      "entity-component",
+      "entity-component-system",
+   },
+}
+dependencies = {
+   "lua >= 5.1",
+}
+build = {
+   type = "builtin",
+   modules = {
+      evolved = "evolved.lua",
+   }
+}

rockspecs/evolved.lua-1.4.0-0.rockspec

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+rockspec_format = "3.0"
+package = "evolved.lua"
+version = "1.4.0-0"
+source = {
+   url = "git://github.com/BlackMATov/evolved.lua",
+   tag = "v1.4.0",
+}
+description = {
+   homepage = "https://github.com/BlackMATov/evolved.lua",
+   summary = "Evolved ECS (Entity-Component-System) for Lua",
+   detailed = [[
+      `evolved.lua` is a fast and flexible ECS (Entity-Component-System) library for Lua.
+      It is designed to be simple and easy to use, while providing all the features needed to create complex systems with blazing performance.
+   ]],
+   license = "MIT",
+   labels = {
+      "ecs",
+      "entity",
+      "entities",
+      "component",
+      "components",
+      "entity-component",
+      "entity-component-system",
+   },
+}
+dependencies = {
+   "lua >= 5.1",
+}
+build = {
+   type = "builtin",
+   modules = {
+      evolved = "evolved.lua",
+   }
+}

rockspecs/evolved.lua-1.5.0-0.rockspec

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+rockspec_format = "3.0"
+package = "evolved.lua"
+version = "1.5.0-0"
+source = {
+   url = "git://github.com/BlackMATov/evolved.lua",
+   tag = "v1.5.0",
+}
+description = {
+   homepage = "https://github.com/BlackMATov/evolved.lua",
+   summary = "Evolved ECS (Entity-Component-System) for Lua",
+   detailed = [[
+      `evolved.lua` is a fast and flexible ECS (Entity-Component-System) library for Lua.
+      It is designed to be simple and easy to use, while providing all the features needed to create complex systems with blazing performance.
+   ]],
+   license = "MIT",
+   labels = {
+      "ecs",
+      "entity",
+      "entities",
+      "component",
+      "components",
+      "entity-component",
+      "entity-component-system",
+   },
+}
+dependencies = {
+   "lua >= 5.1",
+}
+build = {
+   type = "builtin",
+   modules = {
+      evolved = "evolved.lua",
+   }
+}

rockspecs/evolved.lua-1.6.0-0.rockspec

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+rockspec_format = "3.0"
+package = "evolved.lua"
+version = "1.6.0-0"
+source = {
+   url = "git://github.com/BlackMATov/evolved.lua",
+   tag = "v1.6.0",
+}
+description = {
+   homepage = "https://github.com/BlackMATov/evolved.lua",
+   summary = "Evolved ECS (Entity-Component-System) for Lua",
+   detailed = [[
+      `evolved.lua` is a fast and flexible ECS (Entity-Component-System) library for Lua.
+      It is designed to be simple and easy to use, while providing all the features needed to create complex systems with blazing performance.
+   ]],
+   license = "MIT",
+   labels = {
+      "ecs",
+      "entity",
+      "entities",
+      "component",
+      "components",
+      "entity-component",
+      "entity-component-system",
+   },
+}
+dependencies = {
+   "lua >= 5.1",
+}
+build = {
+   type = "builtin",
+   modules = {
+      evolved = "evolved.lua",
+   }
+}

rockspecs/evolved.lua-1.7.0-0.rockspec

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+rockspec_format = "3.0"
+package = "evolved.lua"
+version = "1.7.0-0"
+source = {
+   url = "git://github.com/BlackMATov/evolved.lua",
+   tag = "v1.7.0",
+}
+description = {
+   homepage = "https://github.com/BlackMATov/evolved.lua",
+   summary = "Evolved ECS (Entity-Component-System) for Lua",
+   detailed = [[
+      `evolved.lua` is a fast and flexible ECS (Entity-Component-System) library for Lua.
+      It is designed to be simple and easy to use, while providing all the features needed to create complex systems with blazing performance.
+   ]],
+   license = "MIT",
+   labels = {
+      "ecs",
+      "entity",
+      "entities",
+      "component",
+      "components",
+      "entity-component",
+      "entity-component-system",
+   },
+}
+dependencies = {
+   "lua >= 5.1",
+}
+build = {
+   type = "builtin",
+   modules = {
+      evolved = "evolved.lua",
+   }
+}

rockspecs/evolved.lua-1.8.0-0.rockspec

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+rockspec_format = "3.0"
+package = "evolved.lua"
+version = "1.8.0-0"
+source = {
+   url = "git://github.com/BlackMATov/evolved.lua",
+   tag = "v1.8.0",
+}
+description = {
+   homepage = "https://github.com/BlackMATov/evolved.lua",
+   summary = "Evolved ECS (Entity-Component-System) for Lua",
+   detailed = [[
+      `evolved.lua` is a fast and flexible ECS (Entity-Component-System) library for Lua.
+      It is designed to be simple and easy to use, while providing all the features needed to create complex systems with blazing performance.
+   ]],
+   license = "MIT",
+   labels = {
+      "ecs",
+      "entity",
+      "entities",
+      "component",
+      "components",
+      "entity-component",
+      "entity-component-system",
+   },
+}
+dependencies = {
+   "lua >= 5.1",
+}
+build = {
+   type = "builtin",
+   modules = {
+      evolved = "evolved.lua",
+   }
+}

rockspecs/evolved.lua-1.9.0-0.rockspec

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+rockspec_format = "3.0"
+package = "evolved.lua"
+version = "1.9.0-0"
+source = {
+   url = "git://github.com/BlackMATov/evolved.lua",
+   tag = "v1.9.0",
+}
+description = {
+   homepage = "https://github.com/BlackMATov/evolved.lua",
+   summary = "Evolved ECS (Entity-Component-System) for Lua",
+   detailed = [[
+      `evolved.lua` is a fast and flexible ECS (Entity-Component-System) library for Lua.
+      It is designed to be simple and easy to use, while providing all the features needed to create complex systems with blazing performance.
+   ]],
+   license = "MIT",
+   labels = {
+      "ecs",
+      "entity",
+      "entities",
+      "component",
+      "components",
+      "entity-component",
+      "entity-component-system",
+   },
+}
+dependencies = {
+   "lua >= 5.1",
+}
+build = {
+   type = "builtin",
+   modules = {
+      evolved = "evolved.lua",
+   }
+}