diff --git a/develop/singles/headers/meta.hpp/meta_all.hpp b/develop/singles/headers/meta.hpp/meta_all.hpp
index 6d37663..4a1ec69 100644
--- a/develop/singles/headers/meta.hpp/meta_all.hpp
+++ b/develop/singles/headers/meta.hpp/meta_all.hpp
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
-#include <atomic>
 #include <cassert>
 #include <compare>
 #include <cstddef>
@@ -889,202 +888,6 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
     }
 }
 
-namespace meta_hpp::detail
-{
-    template < typename Derived >
-    class intrusive_ref_counter;
-
-    template < typename Derived >
-    void intrusive_ptr_add_ref(const intrusive_ref_counter<Derived>* ptr);
-
-    template < typename Derived >
-    void intrusive_ptr_release(const intrusive_ref_counter<Derived>* ptr);
-
-    template < typename Derived >
-    class intrusive_ref_counter {
-    public:
-        intrusive_ref_counter() = default;
-
-        intrusive_ref_counter(intrusive_ref_counter&&) noexcept {}
-
-        intrusive_ref_counter(const intrusive_ref_counter&) noexcept {}
-
-        intrusive_ref_counter& operator=(intrusive_ref_counter&&) noexcept {
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        intrusive_ref_counter& operator=(const intrusive_ref_counter&) noexcept {
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]] std::size_t get_use_count() const noexcept {
-            return counter_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
-        }
-
-    protected:
-        ~intrusive_ref_counter() = default;
-
-    private:
-        mutable std::atomic_size_t counter_{};
-        friend void intrusive_ptr_add_ref<Derived>(const intrusive_ref_counter* ptr);
-        friend void intrusive_ptr_release<Derived>(const intrusive_ref_counter* ptr);
-    };
-
-    template < typename Derived >
-    void intrusive_ptr_add_ref(const intrusive_ref_counter<Derived>* ptr) {
-        ptr->counter_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_acq_rel);
-    }
-
-    template < typename Derived >
-    void intrusive_ptr_release(const intrusive_ref_counter<Derived>* ptr) {
-        if ( ptr->counter_.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_acq_rel) == 1 ) {
-            // NOLINTNEXTLINE(*-owning-memory)
-            delete static_cast<const Derived*>(ptr);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-namespace meta_hpp::detail
-{
-    template < typename T >
-    class intrusive_ptr final {
-    public:
-        intrusive_ptr() = default;
-
-        ~intrusive_ptr() {
-            if ( ptr_ != nullptr ) {
-                intrusive_ptr_release(ptr_);
-            }
-        }
-
-        intrusive_ptr(T* ptr, bool add_ref = true)
-        : ptr_{ptr} {
-            if ( ptr_ != nullptr && add_ref ) {
-                intrusive_ptr_add_ref(ptr_);
-            }
-        }
-
-        intrusive_ptr(intrusive_ptr&& other) noexcept
-        : ptr_{other.ptr_} {
-            other.ptr_ = nullptr;
-        }
-
-        intrusive_ptr(const intrusive_ptr& other)
-        : ptr_{other.ptr_} {
-            if ( ptr_ != nullptr ) {
-                intrusive_ptr_add_ref(ptr_);
-            }
-        }
-
-        intrusive_ptr& operator=(T* ptr) noexcept {
-            intrusive_ptr{ptr}.swap(*this);
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        intrusive_ptr& operator=(intrusive_ptr&& other) noexcept {
-            intrusive_ptr{std::move(other)}.swap(*this);
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        intrusive_ptr& operator=(const intrusive_ptr& other) {
-            intrusive_ptr{other}.swap(*this);
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        void reset() {
-            intrusive_ptr{}.swap(*this);
-        }
-
-        void reset(T* ptr) {
-            intrusive_ptr{ptr}.swap(*this);
-        }
-
-        void reset(T* ptr, bool add_ref) {
-            intrusive_ptr{ptr, add_ref}.swap(*this);
-        }
-
-        T* release() noexcept {
-            return std::exchange(ptr_, nullptr);
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]] T* get() const noexcept {
-            return ptr_;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]] T& operator*() const noexcept {
-            return *ptr_;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]] T* operator->() const noexcept {
-            return ptr_;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]] explicit operator bool() const noexcept {
-            return ptr_ != nullptr;
-        }
-
-        void swap(intrusive_ptr& other) noexcept {
-            ptr_ = std::exchange(other.ptr_, ptr_);
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]] std::size_t get_hash() const noexcept {
-            return hash_combiner{}(ptr_);
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]] bool operator==(const intrusive_ptr& other) const noexcept {
-            return ptr_ == other.ptr_;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]] std::strong_ordering operator<=>(const intrusive_ptr& other) const noexcept {
-            return ptr_ <=> other.ptr_;
-        }
-
-    private:
-        T* ptr_{};
-    };
-
-    template < typename T, typename... Args >
-    intrusive_ptr<T> make_intrusive(Args&&... args) {
-        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(*-owning-memory)
-        return new T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-    }
-
-    template < typename T >
-    void swap(intrusive_ptr<T>& l, intrusive_ptr<T>& r) noexcept {
-        return l.swap(r);
-    }
-
-    template < typename T >
-    [[nodiscard]] bool operator==(const intrusive_ptr<T>& l, const T* r) noexcept {
-        return l.get() == r;
-    }
-
-    template < typename T >
-    [[nodiscard]] std::strong_ordering operator<=>(const intrusive_ptr<T>& l, const T* r) noexcept {
-        return l.get() <=> r;
-    }
-
-    template < typename T >
-    [[nodiscard]] bool operator==(const intrusive_ptr<T>& l, std::nullptr_t) noexcept {
-        return l.get() == nullptr;
-    }
-
-    template < typename T >
-    [[nodiscard]] std::strong_ordering operator<=>(const intrusive_ptr<T>& l, std::nullptr_t) noexcept {
-        return l.get() <=> nullptr;
-    }
-}
-
-namespace std
-{
-    template < typename T >
-    struct hash<meta_hpp::detail::intrusive_ptr<T>> {
-        size_t operator()(const meta_hpp::detail::intrusive_ptr<T>& ip) const noexcept {
-            return ip.get_hash();
-        }
-    };
-}
-
 namespace meta_hpp::detail
 {
     template < typename T >
@@ -1509,15 +1312,15 @@ namespace meta_hpp
         struct scope_state;
         struct variable_state;
 
-        using argument_state_ptr = intrusive_ptr<argument_state>;
-        using constructor_state_ptr = intrusive_ptr<constructor_state>;
-        using destructor_state_ptr = intrusive_ptr<destructor_state>;
-        using evalue_state_ptr = intrusive_ptr<evalue_state>;
-        using function_state_ptr = intrusive_ptr<function_state>;
-        using member_state_ptr = intrusive_ptr<member_state>;
-        using method_state_ptr = intrusive_ptr<method_state>;
-        using scope_state_ptr = intrusive_ptr<scope_state>;
-        using variable_state_ptr = intrusive_ptr<variable_state>;
+        using argument_state_ptr = std::shared_ptr<argument_state>;
+        using constructor_state_ptr = std::shared_ptr<constructor_state>;
+        using destructor_state_ptr = std::shared_ptr<destructor_state>;
+        using evalue_state_ptr = std::shared_ptr<evalue_state>;
+        using function_state_ptr = std::shared_ptr<function_state>;
+        using member_state_ptr = std::shared_ptr<member_state>;
+        using method_state_ptr = std::shared_ptr<method_state>;
+        using scope_state_ptr = std::shared_ptr<scope_state>;
+        using variable_state_ptr = std::shared_ptr<variable_state>;
     }
 
     template < typename T >
@@ -3878,7 +3681,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp
 
 namespace meta_hpp::detail
 {
-    struct argument_state final : intrusive_ref_counter<argument_state> {
+    struct argument_state final {
         argument_index index;
         metadata_map metadata;
 
@@ -3889,7 +3692,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         explicit argument_state(argument_index index, metadata_map metadata);
     };
 
-    struct constructor_state final : intrusive_ref_counter<constructor_state> {
+    struct constructor_state final {
         using create_impl = fixed_function<uvalue(std::span<const uarg>)>;
         using create_at_impl = fixed_function<uvalue(void*, std::span<const uarg>)>;
         using create_error_impl = fixed_function<uerror(std::span<const uarg_base>)>;
@@ -3907,7 +3710,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         explicit constructor_state(constructor_index index, metadata_map metadata);
     };
 
-    struct destructor_state final : intrusive_ref_counter<destructor_state> {
+    struct destructor_state final {
         using destroy_impl = fixed_function<void(const uarg&)>;
         using destroy_at_impl = fixed_function<void(void*)>;
         using destroy_error_impl = fixed_function<uerror(const uarg_base&)>;
@@ -3924,7 +3727,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         explicit destructor_state(destructor_index index, metadata_map metadata);
     };
 
-    struct evalue_state final : intrusive_ref_counter<evalue_state> {
+    struct evalue_state final {
         evalue_index index;
         metadata_map metadata;
 
@@ -3936,7 +3739,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         explicit evalue_state(evalue_index index, metadata_map metadata);
     };
 
-    struct function_state final : intrusive_ref_counter<function_state> {
+    struct function_state final {
         using invoke_impl = fixed_function<uvalue(std::span<const uarg>)>;
         using invoke_error_impl = fixed_function<uerror(std::span<const uarg_base>)>;
 
@@ -3952,7 +3755,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         explicit function_state(function_index index, metadata_map metadata);
     };
 
-    struct member_state final : intrusive_ref_counter<member_state> {
+    struct member_state final {
         using getter_impl = fixed_function<uvalue(const uinst&)>;
         using setter_impl = fixed_function<void(const uinst&, const uarg&)>;
 
@@ -3972,7 +3775,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         explicit member_state(member_index index, metadata_map metadata);
     };
 
-    struct method_state final : intrusive_ref_counter<method_state> {
+    struct method_state final {
         using invoke_impl = fixed_function<uvalue(const uinst&, std::span<const uarg>)>;
         using invoke_error_impl = fixed_function<uerror(const uinst_base&, std::span<const uarg_base>)>;
 
@@ -3988,7 +3791,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         explicit method_state(method_index index, metadata_map metadata);
     };
 
-    struct scope_state final : intrusive_ref_counter<scope_state> {
+    struct scope_state final {
         scope_index index;
         metadata_map metadata;
 
@@ -4000,7 +3803,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         explicit scope_state(scope_index index, metadata_map metadata);
     };
 
-    struct variable_state final : intrusive_ref_counter<variable_state> {
+    struct variable_state final {
         using getter_impl = fixed_function<uvalue()>;
         using setter_impl = fixed_function<void(const uarg&)>;
         using setter_error_impl = fixed_function<uerror(const uarg_base&)>;
@@ -6256,7 +6059,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         state.invoke_error = make_function_invoke_error<Function>(registry);
         state.arguments = make_function_arguments<Function>();
 
-        return make_intrusive<function_state>(std::move(state));
+        return std::make_shared<function_state>(std::move(state));
     }
 }
 
@@ -6792,7 +6595,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         state.getter_error = make_member_getter_error<Member>(registry);
         state.setter_error = make_member_setter_error<Member>(registry);
 
-        return make_intrusive<member_state>(std::move(state));
+        return std::make_shared<member_state>(std::move(state));
     }
 }
 
@@ -7091,7 +6894,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         state.invoke_error = make_method_invoke_error<Method>(registry);
         state.arguments = make_method_arguments<Method>();
 
-        return make_intrusive<method_state>(std::move(state));
+        return std::make_shared<method_state>(std::move(state));
     }
 }
 
@@ -7456,7 +7259,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
             std::move(metadata),
         };
 
-        return make_intrusive<argument_state>(std::move(state));
+        return std::make_shared<argument_state>(std::move(state));
     }
 }
 
@@ -7655,7 +7458,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         state.create_error = make_constructor_create_error<Class, Args...>(registry);
         state.arguments = make_constructor_arguments<Class, Args...>();
 
-        return make_intrusive<constructor_state>(std::move(state));
+        return std::make_shared<constructor_state>(std::move(state));
     }
 }
 
@@ -7847,7 +7650,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         state.destroy_at = make_destructor_destroy_at<Class>();
         state.destroy_error = make_destructor_destroy_error<Class>(registry);
 
-        return make_intrusive<destructor_state>(std::move(state));
+        return std::make_shared<destructor_state>(std::move(state));
     }
 }
 
@@ -7992,7 +7795,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         state.enum_value = uvalue{evalue};
         state.underlying_value = uvalue{to_underlying(evalue)};
 
-        return make_intrusive<evalue_state>(std::move(state));
+        return std::make_shared<evalue_state>(std::move(state));
     }
 }
 
@@ -8150,7 +7953,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         state.setter = make_variable_setter(registry, variable_ptr);
         state.setter_error = make_variable_setter_error<Pointer>(registry);
 
-        return make_intrusive<variable_state>(std::move(state));
+        return std::make_shared<variable_state>(std::move(state));
     }
 }
 
@@ -8721,7 +8524,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
             scope_index{std::move(name)},
             std::move(metadata),
         };
-        return make_intrusive<scope_state>(std::move(state));
+        return std::make_shared<scope_state>(std::move(state));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/develop/untests/meta_base/intrusive_ptr_tests.cpp b/develop/untests/meta_base/intrusive_ptr_tests.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 0cef996..0000000
--- a/develop/untests/meta_base/intrusive_ptr_tests.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,222 +0,0 @@
-/*******************************************************************************
- * This file is part of the "https://github.com/blackmatov/meta.hpp"
- * For conditions of distribution and use, see copyright notice in LICENSE.md
- * Copyright (C) 2021-2023, by Matvey Cherevko (blackmatov@gmail.com)
- ******************************************************************************/
-
-#include <meta.hpp/meta_all.hpp>
-#include <doctest/doctest.h>
-
-namespace
-{
-    namespace meta = meta_hpp;
-    using meta::detail::intrusive_ptr;
-    using meta::detail::intrusive_ref_counter;
-
-    struct obj_t final : intrusive_ref_counter<obj_t> {
-        int v{42};
-
-        obj_t() { ++ctor_counter; }
-        obj_t(int nv) : v{nv} { ++ctor_counter; }
-        ~obj_t() { ++dtor_counter; }
-
-        inline static std::size_t ctor_counter{};
-        inline static std::size_t dtor_counter{};
-    };
-}
-
-TEST_CASE("meta/meta_base/intrusive_ptr") {
-    obj_t::ctor_counter = 0;
-    obj_t::dtor_counter = 0;
-
-    SUBCASE("ctor/0") {
-        intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr;
-        CHECK_FALSE(ptr);
-    }
-
-    SUBCASE("copy_ctor/0") {
-        intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr;
-        intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr2{ptr};
-        CHECK_FALSE(ptr2);
-    }
-
-    SUBCASE("move_ctor/0") {
-        intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr;
-        intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr2{std::move(ptr)};
-        CHECK_FALSE(ptr2);
-    }
-
-    SUBCASE("ctor/1") {
-        {
-            intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr{std::make_unique<obj_t>().release()};
-            CHECK(ptr);
-            CHECK(ptr->get_use_count() == 1);
-            CHECK(ptr->v == 42);
-            CHECK(obj_t::ctor_counter == 1);
-            CHECK(obj_t::dtor_counter == 0);
-        }
-        CHECK(obj_t::ctor_counter == 1);
-        CHECK(obj_t::dtor_counter == 1);
-    }
-
-    SUBCASE("copy_ctor/1") {
-        {
-            intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr{std::make_unique<obj_t>().release()};
-            {
-                intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr2{ptr};
-                CHECK(ptr);
-                CHECK(ptr2);
-                CHECK(ptr2->get_use_count() == 2);
-                CHECK(ptr2->v == 42);
-            }
-            CHECK(obj_t::ctor_counter == 1);
-            CHECK(obj_t::dtor_counter == 0);
-        }
-        CHECK(obj_t::ctor_counter == 1);
-        CHECK(obj_t::dtor_counter == 1);
-    }
-
-    SUBCASE("move_ctor/1") {
-        {
-            intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr{std::make_unique<obj_t>().release()};
-            {
-                intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr2{std::move(ptr)};
-                CHECK_FALSE(ptr);
-                CHECK(ptr2);
-                CHECK(ptr2->get_use_count() == 1);
-                CHECK(ptr2->v == 42);
-            }
-            CHECK(obj_t::ctor_counter == 1);
-            CHECK(obj_t::dtor_counter == 1);
-        }
-        CHECK(obj_t::ctor_counter == 1);
-        CHECK(obj_t::dtor_counter == 1);
-    }
-
-    SUBCASE("operator=/ptr") {
-        {
-            intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr1{std::make_unique<obj_t>().release()};
-            ptr1 = std::make_unique<obj_t>().release();
-            CHECK(obj_t::ctor_counter == 2);
-            CHECK(obj_t::dtor_counter == 1);
-        }
-        CHECK(obj_t::ctor_counter == 2);
-        CHECK(obj_t::dtor_counter == 2);
-    }
-
-    SUBCASE("operator=/copy") {
-        {
-            intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr1{std::make_unique<obj_t>().release()};
-            intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr2{std::make_unique<obj_t>().release()};
-            ptr1 = ptr2;
-            CHECK(ptr1);
-            CHECK(ptr2);
-            CHECK(obj_t::ctor_counter == 2);
-            CHECK(obj_t::dtor_counter == 1);
-        }
-        CHECK(obj_t::ctor_counter == 2);
-        CHECK(obj_t::dtor_counter == 2);
-    }
-
-    SUBCASE("operator=/move") {
-        {
-            intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr1{std::make_unique<obj_t>().release()};
-            intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr2{std::make_unique<obj_t>().release()};
-            ptr1 = std::move(ptr2);
-            CHECK(ptr1);
-            CHECK_FALSE(ptr2);
-            CHECK(obj_t::ctor_counter == 2);
-            CHECK(obj_t::dtor_counter == 1);
-        }
-        CHECK(obj_t::ctor_counter == 2);
-        CHECK(obj_t::dtor_counter == 2);
-    }
-
-    SUBCASE("reset/0") {
-        intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr{std::make_unique<obj_t>().release()};
-        ptr.reset();
-        CHECK(obj_t::ctor_counter == 1);
-        CHECK(obj_t::dtor_counter == 1);
-    }
-
-    SUBCASE("reset/1") {
-        {
-            intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr{std::make_unique<obj_t>().release()};
-            ptr.reset(std::make_unique<obj_t>().release());
-            CHECK(obj_t::ctor_counter == 2);
-            CHECK(obj_t::dtor_counter == 1);
-        }
-        CHECK(obj_t::ctor_counter == 2);
-        CHECK(obj_t::dtor_counter == 2);
-    }
-
-    SUBCASE("get") {
-        intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr{std::make_unique<obj_t>().release()};
-        CHECK(ptr.get()->v == 42);
-        CHECK(ptr->v == 42);
-        CHECK((*ptr).v == 42);
-        ptr.reset();
-        CHECK_FALSE(ptr.get());
-    }
-
-    SUBCASE("release") {
-        obj_t* obj{};
-        {
-            intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr{std::make_unique<obj_t>().release()};
-            obj = ptr.release();
-            CHECK_FALSE(ptr);
-        }
-        CHECK(obj_t::ctor_counter == 1);
-        CHECK(obj_t::dtor_counter == 0);
-        {
-            intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr2{obj, false};
-            CHECK(ptr2->get_use_count() == 1);
-        }
-        CHECK(obj_t::ctor_counter == 1);
-        CHECK(obj_t::dtor_counter == 1);
-    }
-
-    SUBCASE("swap") {
-        intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr1{std::make_unique<obj_t>(42).release()};
-        intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr2{std::make_unique<obj_t>(21).release()};
-        swap(ptr1, ptr2);
-        CHECK(ptr1->v == 21);
-        CHECK(ptr2->v == 42);
-    }
-
-    SUBCASE("operator==/!=") {
-        intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr1{std::make_unique<obj_t>(42).release()};
-        intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr1_copy{ptr1};
-        intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr2{std::make_unique<obj_t>(42).release()};
-        intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr3;
-
-        CHECK(ptr1 == ptr1_copy);
-        CHECK(ptr1 == ptr1_copy.get());
-        CHECK(ptr1_copy.get() == ptr1);
-        CHECK_FALSE(ptr1 == ptr2);
-        CHECK_FALSE(ptr1 == ptr3);
-
-        CHECK_FALSE(ptr1 != ptr1_copy);
-        CHECK_FALSE(ptr1 != ptr1_copy.get());
-        CHECK_FALSE(ptr1_copy.get() != ptr1);
-        CHECK(ptr1 != ptr2);
-        CHECK(ptr1 != ptr3);
-
-        CHECK_FALSE(ptr1 == nullptr);
-        CHECK_FALSE(nullptr == ptr1);
-        CHECK(ptr1 != nullptr);
-        CHECK(nullptr != ptr1);
-
-        CHECK(ptr3 == nullptr);
-        CHECK(nullptr == ptr3);
-        CHECK_FALSE(ptr3 != nullptr);
-        CHECK_FALSE(nullptr != ptr3);
-    }
-
-    SUBCASE("hash") {
-        intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr1{};
-        intrusive_ptr<obj_t> ptr2{meta::detail::make_intrusive<obj_t>(42)};
-        CHECK(std::hash<intrusive_ptr<obj_t>>{}(ptr1) == std::hash<obj_t*>{}(ptr1.get()));
-        CHECK(std::hash<intrusive_ptr<obj_t>>{}(ptr2) == std::hash<obj_t*>{}(ptr2.get()));
-    }
-}
diff --git a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_base.hpp b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_base.hpp
index 7bd1f3a..6312f06 100644
--- a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_base.hpp
+++ b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_base.hpp
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 #include "meta_base/hash_combiner.hpp"
 #include "meta_base/hashed_string.hpp"
 #include "meta_base/insert_or_assign.hpp"
-#include "meta_base/intrusive_ptr.hpp"
 #include "meta_base/is_in_place_type.hpp"
 #include "meta_base/memory_buffer.hpp"
 #include "meta_base/noncopyable.hpp"
@@ -97,15 +96,15 @@ namespace meta_hpp
         struct scope_state;
         struct variable_state;
 
-        using argument_state_ptr = intrusive_ptr<argument_state>;
-        using constructor_state_ptr = intrusive_ptr<constructor_state>;
-        using destructor_state_ptr = intrusive_ptr<destructor_state>;
-        using evalue_state_ptr = intrusive_ptr<evalue_state>;
-        using function_state_ptr = intrusive_ptr<function_state>;
-        using member_state_ptr = intrusive_ptr<member_state>;
-        using method_state_ptr = intrusive_ptr<method_state>;
-        using scope_state_ptr = intrusive_ptr<scope_state>;
-        using variable_state_ptr = intrusive_ptr<variable_state>;
+        using argument_state_ptr = std::shared_ptr<argument_state>;
+        using constructor_state_ptr = std::shared_ptr<constructor_state>;
+        using destructor_state_ptr = std::shared_ptr<destructor_state>;
+        using evalue_state_ptr = std::shared_ptr<evalue_state>;
+        using function_state_ptr = std::shared_ptr<function_state>;
+        using member_state_ptr = std::shared_ptr<member_state>;
+        using method_state_ptr = std::shared_ptr<method_state>;
+        using scope_state_ptr = std::shared_ptr<scope_state>;
+        using variable_state_ptr = std::shared_ptr<variable_state>;
     }
 
     template < typename T >
diff --git a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_base/base.hpp b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_base/base.hpp
index 072850f..ff84e40 100644
--- a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_base/base.hpp
+++ b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_base/base.hpp
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
-#include <atomic>
 #include <compare>
 #include <deque>
 #include <exception>
diff --git a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_base/intrusive_ptr.hpp b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_base/intrusive_ptr.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 96db790..0000000
--- a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_base/intrusive_ptr.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,206 +0,0 @@
-/*******************************************************************************
- * This file is part of the "https://github.com/blackmatov/meta.hpp"
- * For conditions of distribution and use, see copyright notice in LICENSE.md
- * Copyright (C) 2021-2023, by Matvey Cherevko (blackmatov@gmail.com)
- ******************************************************************************/
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "base.hpp"
-#include "hash_combiner.hpp"
-
-namespace meta_hpp::detail
-{
-    template < typename Derived >
-    class intrusive_ref_counter;
-
-    template < typename Derived >
-    void intrusive_ptr_add_ref(const intrusive_ref_counter<Derived>* ptr);
-
-    template < typename Derived >
-    void intrusive_ptr_release(const intrusive_ref_counter<Derived>* ptr);
-
-    template < typename Derived >
-    class intrusive_ref_counter {
-    public:
-        intrusive_ref_counter() = default;
-
-        intrusive_ref_counter(intrusive_ref_counter&&) noexcept {}
-
-        intrusive_ref_counter(const intrusive_ref_counter&) noexcept {}
-
-        intrusive_ref_counter& operator=(intrusive_ref_counter&&) noexcept {
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        intrusive_ref_counter& operator=(const intrusive_ref_counter&) noexcept {
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]] std::size_t get_use_count() const noexcept {
-            return counter_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
-        }
-
-    protected:
-        ~intrusive_ref_counter() = default;
-
-    private:
-        mutable std::atomic_size_t counter_{};
-        friend void intrusive_ptr_add_ref<Derived>(const intrusive_ref_counter* ptr);
-        friend void intrusive_ptr_release<Derived>(const intrusive_ref_counter* ptr);
-    };
-
-    template < typename Derived >
-    void intrusive_ptr_add_ref(const intrusive_ref_counter<Derived>* ptr) {
-        ptr->counter_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_acq_rel);
-    }
-
-    template < typename Derived >
-    void intrusive_ptr_release(const intrusive_ref_counter<Derived>* ptr) {
-        if ( ptr->counter_.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_acq_rel) == 1 ) {
-            // NOLINTNEXTLINE(*-owning-memory)
-            delete static_cast<const Derived*>(ptr);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-namespace meta_hpp::detail
-{
-    template < typename T >
-    class intrusive_ptr final {
-    public:
-        intrusive_ptr() = default;
-
-        ~intrusive_ptr() {
-            if ( ptr_ != nullptr ) {
-                intrusive_ptr_release(ptr_);
-            }
-        }
-
-        intrusive_ptr(T* ptr, bool add_ref = true)
-        : ptr_{ptr} {
-            if ( ptr_ != nullptr && add_ref ) {
-                intrusive_ptr_add_ref(ptr_);
-            }
-        }
-
-        intrusive_ptr(intrusive_ptr&& other) noexcept
-        : ptr_{other.ptr_} {
-            other.ptr_ = nullptr;
-        }
-
-        intrusive_ptr(const intrusive_ptr& other)
-        : ptr_{other.ptr_} {
-            if ( ptr_ != nullptr ) {
-                intrusive_ptr_add_ref(ptr_);
-            }
-        }
-
-        intrusive_ptr& operator=(T* ptr) noexcept {
-            intrusive_ptr{ptr}.swap(*this);
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        intrusive_ptr& operator=(intrusive_ptr&& other) noexcept {
-            intrusive_ptr{std::move(other)}.swap(*this);
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        intrusive_ptr& operator=(const intrusive_ptr& other) {
-            intrusive_ptr{other}.swap(*this);
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        void reset() {
-            intrusive_ptr{}.swap(*this);
-        }
-
-        void reset(T* ptr) {
-            intrusive_ptr{ptr}.swap(*this);
-        }
-
-        void reset(T* ptr, bool add_ref) {
-            intrusive_ptr{ptr, add_ref}.swap(*this);
-        }
-
-        T* release() noexcept {
-            return std::exchange(ptr_, nullptr);
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]] T* get() const noexcept {
-            return ptr_;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]] T& operator*() const noexcept {
-            return *ptr_;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]] T* operator->() const noexcept {
-            return ptr_;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]] explicit operator bool() const noexcept {
-            return ptr_ != nullptr;
-        }
-
-        void swap(intrusive_ptr& other) noexcept {
-            ptr_ = std::exchange(other.ptr_, ptr_);
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]] std::size_t get_hash() const noexcept {
-            return hash_combiner{}(ptr_);
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]] bool operator==(const intrusive_ptr& other) const noexcept {
-            return ptr_ == other.ptr_;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]] std::strong_ordering operator<=>(const intrusive_ptr& other) const noexcept {
-            return ptr_ <=> other.ptr_;
-        }
-
-    private:
-        T* ptr_{};
-    };
-
-    template < typename T, typename... Args >
-    intrusive_ptr<T> make_intrusive(Args&&... args) {
-        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(*-owning-memory)
-        return new T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-    }
-
-    template < typename T >
-    void swap(intrusive_ptr<T>& l, intrusive_ptr<T>& r) noexcept {
-        return l.swap(r);
-    }
-
-    template < typename T >
-    [[nodiscard]] bool operator==(const intrusive_ptr<T>& l, const T* r) noexcept {
-        return l.get() == r;
-    }
-
-    template < typename T >
-    [[nodiscard]] std::strong_ordering operator<=>(const intrusive_ptr<T>& l, const T* r) noexcept {
-        return l.get() <=> r;
-    }
-
-    template < typename T >
-    [[nodiscard]] bool operator==(const intrusive_ptr<T>& l, std::nullptr_t) noexcept {
-        return l.get() == nullptr;
-    }
-
-    template < typename T >
-    [[nodiscard]] std::strong_ordering operator<=>(const intrusive_ptr<T>& l, std::nullptr_t) noexcept {
-        return l.get() <=> nullptr;
-    }
-}
-
-namespace std
-{
-    template < typename T >
-    struct hash<meta_hpp::detail::intrusive_ptr<T>> {
-        size_t operator()(const meta_hpp::detail::intrusive_ptr<T>& ip) const noexcept {
-            return ip.get_hash();
-        }
-    };
-}
diff --git a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states.hpp b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states.hpp
index 8e82c38..31e0fe3 100644
--- a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states.hpp
+++ b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states.hpp
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp
 
 namespace meta_hpp::detail
 {
-    struct argument_state final : intrusive_ref_counter<argument_state> {
+    struct argument_state final {
         argument_index index;
         metadata_map metadata;
 
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         explicit argument_state(argument_index index, metadata_map metadata);
     };
 
-    struct constructor_state final : intrusive_ref_counter<constructor_state> {
+    struct constructor_state final {
         using create_impl = fixed_function<uvalue(std::span<const uarg>)>;
         using create_at_impl = fixed_function<uvalue(void*, std::span<const uarg>)>;
         using create_error_impl = fixed_function<uerror(std::span<const uarg_base>)>;
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         explicit constructor_state(constructor_index index, metadata_map metadata);
     };
 
-    struct destructor_state final : intrusive_ref_counter<destructor_state> {
+    struct destructor_state final {
         using destroy_impl = fixed_function<void(const uarg&)>;
         using destroy_at_impl = fixed_function<void(void*)>;
         using destroy_error_impl = fixed_function<uerror(const uarg_base&)>;
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         explicit destructor_state(destructor_index index, metadata_map metadata);
     };
 
-    struct evalue_state final : intrusive_ref_counter<evalue_state> {
+    struct evalue_state final {
         evalue_index index;
         metadata_map metadata;
 
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         explicit evalue_state(evalue_index index, metadata_map metadata);
     };
 
-    struct function_state final : intrusive_ref_counter<function_state> {
+    struct function_state final {
         using invoke_impl = fixed_function<uvalue(std::span<const uarg>)>;
         using invoke_error_impl = fixed_function<uerror(std::span<const uarg_base>)>;
 
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         explicit function_state(function_index index, metadata_map metadata);
     };
 
-    struct member_state final : intrusive_ref_counter<member_state> {
+    struct member_state final {
         using getter_impl = fixed_function<uvalue(const uinst&)>;
         using setter_impl = fixed_function<void(const uinst&, const uarg&)>;
 
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         explicit member_state(member_index index, metadata_map metadata);
     };
 
-    struct method_state final : intrusive_ref_counter<method_state> {
+    struct method_state final {
         using invoke_impl = fixed_function<uvalue(const uinst&, std::span<const uarg>)>;
         using invoke_error_impl = fixed_function<uerror(const uinst_base&, std::span<const uarg_base>)>;
 
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         explicit method_state(method_index index, metadata_map metadata);
     };
 
-    struct scope_state final : intrusive_ref_counter<scope_state> {
+    struct scope_state final {
         scope_index index;
         metadata_map metadata;
 
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         explicit scope_state(scope_index index, metadata_map metadata);
     };
 
-    struct variable_state final : intrusive_ref_counter<variable_state> {
+    struct variable_state final {
         using getter_impl = fixed_function<uvalue()>;
         using setter_impl = fixed_function<void(const uarg&)>;
         using setter_error_impl = fixed_function<uerror(const uarg_base&)>;
diff --git a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/argument.hpp b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/argument.hpp
index 38b25d6..e13368f 100644
--- a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/argument.hpp
+++ b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/argument.hpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
             std::move(metadata),
         };
 
-        return make_intrusive<argument_state>(std::move(state));
+        return std::make_shared<argument_state>(std::move(state));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/constructor.hpp b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/constructor.hpp
index 3e5abcc..669e199 100644
--- a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/constructor.hpp
+++ b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/constructor.hpp
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         state.create_error = make_constructor_create_error<Class, Args...>(registry);
         state.arguments = make_constructor_arguments<Class, Args...>();
 
-        return make_intrusive<constructor_state>(std::move(state));
+        return std::make_shared<constructor_state>(std::move(state));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/destructor.hpp b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/destructor.hpp
index 320781c..4519048 100644
--- a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/destructor.hpp
+++ b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/destructor.hpp
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         state.destroy_at = make_destructor_destroy_at<Class>();
         state.destroy_error = make_destructor_destroy_error<Class>(registry);
 
-        return make_intrusive<destructor_state>(std::move(state));
+        return std::make_shared<destructor_state>(std::move(state));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/evalue.hpp b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/evalue.hpp
index 37f6299..9263373 100644
--- a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/evalue.hpp
+++ b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/evalue.hpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         state.enum_value = uvalue{evalue};
         state.underlying_value = uvalue{to_underlying(evalue)};
 
-        return make_intrusive<evalue_state>(std::move(state));
+        return std::make_shared<evalue_state>(std::move(state));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/function.hpp b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/function.hpp
index aae5632..930dd6d 100644
--- a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/function.hpp
+++ b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/function.hpp
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         state.invoke_error = make_function_invoke_error<Function>(registry);
         state.arguments = make_function_arguments<Function>();
 
-        return make_intrusive<function_state>(std::move(state));
+        return std::make_shared<function_state>(std::move(state));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/member.hpp b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/member.hpp
index baf145a..4a9ec84 100644
--- a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/member.hpp
+++ b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/member.hpp
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         state.getter_error = make_member_getter_error<Member>(registry);
         state.setter_error = make_member_setter_error<Member>(registry);
 
-        return make_intrusive<member_state>(std::move(state));
+        return std::make_shared<member_state>(std::move(state));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/method.hpp b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/method.hpp
index bd5ff6a..fca76e7 100644
--- a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/method.hpp
+++ b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/method.hpp
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         state.invoke_error = make_method_invoke_error<Method>(registry);
         state.arguments = make_method_arguments<Method>();
 
-        return make_intrusive<method_state>(std::move(state));
+        return std::make_shared<method_state>(std::move(state));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/scope.hpp b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/scope.hpp
index c3f3df4..b02f396 100644
--- a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/scope.hpp
+++ b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/scope.hpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
             scope_index{std::move(name)},
             std::move(metadata),
         };
-        return make_intrusive<scope_state>(std::move(state));
+        return std::make_shared<scope_state>(std::move(state));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/variable.hpp b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/variable.hpp
index c05a9eb..29a1791 100644
--- a/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/variable.hpp
+++ b/headers/meta.hpp/meta_states/variable.hpp
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ namespace meta_hpp::detail
         state.setter = make_variable_setter(registry, variable_ptr);
         state.setter_error = make_variable_setter_error<Pointer>(registry);
 
-        return make_intrusive<variable_state>(std::move(state));
+        return std::make_shared<variable_state>(std::move(state));
     }
 }