diff --git a/headers/enduro2d/core/audio.hpp b/headers/enduro2d/core/audio.hpp
index cccfcbab..824dbe16 100644
--- a/headers/enduro2d/core/audio.hpp
+++ b/headers/enduro2d/core/audio.hpp
@@ -83,12 +83,9 @@ namespace e2d
         audio(debug& d);
         ~audio() noexcept;
 
-        [[nodiscard]] sound_stream_ptr preload_stream(
+        [[nodiscard]] sound_stream_ptr create_stream(
             buffer_view sound_data);
 
-        [[nodiscard]] sound_stream_ptr preload_stream(
-            const input_stream_uptr& file_stream);
-
         [[nodiscard]] sound_stream_ptr create_stream(
             input_stream_uptr file_stream);
 
diff --git a/headers/enduro2d/core/input.hpp b/headers/enduro2d/core/input.hpp
index 3517b91f..7af711a8 100644
--- a/headers/enduro2d/core/input.hpp
+++ b/headers/enduro2d/core/input.hpp
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@
 
 #include "_core.hpp"
 
-#include "window.hpp"
-
 namespace e2d
 {
     class mouse final : private noncopyable {
@@ -120,16 +118,4 @@ namespace e2d
         class internal_state;
         std::unique_ptr<internal_state> state_;
     };
-
-    class window_input_source : public window::event_listener {
-    public:
-        window_input_source(input& input) noexcept;
-        void on_input_char(char32_t uchar) noexcept final;
-        void on_move_cursor(const v2f& pos) noexcept final;
-        void on_mouse_scroll(const v2f& delta) noexcept final;
-        void on_mouse_button(mouse_button btn, mouse_button_action act) noexcept final;
-        void on_keyboard_key(keyboard_key key, u32 scancode, keyboard_key_action act) noexcept final;
-    private:
-        input& input_;
-    };
 }
diff --git a/headers/enduro2d/core/render.hpp b/headers/enduro2d/core/render.hpp
index e65402b1..c535d7e2 100644
--- a/headers/enduro2d/core/render.hpp
+++ b/headers/enduro2d/core/render.hpp
@@ -911,16 +911,9 @@ namespace e2d
             buffer_view vertex_source,
             buffer_view fragment_source);
 
-        shader_ptr create_shader(
-            const input_stream_uptr& vertex_stream,
-            const input_stream_uptr& fragment_stream);
-
         texture_ptr create_texture(
             const image& image);
 
-        texture_ptr create_texture(
-            const input_stream_uptr& image_stream);
-
         texture_ptr create_texture(
             const v2u& size,
             const pixel_declaration& decl);
diff --git a/headers/enduro2d/core/vfs.hpp b/headers/enduro2d/core/vfs.hpp
index d7850c03..24094ac5 100644
--- a/headers/enduro2d/core/vfs.hpp
+++ b/headers/enduro2d/core/vfs.hpp
@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ namespace e2d
         input_stream_uptr read(const url& url) const;
         output_stream_uptr write(const url& url, bool append) const;
 
-        bool load(const url& url, buffer& dst) const;
+        std::optional<buffer> load(const url& url) const;
         stdex::promise<buffer> load_async(const url& url) const;
 
-        bool load_as_string(const url& url, str& dst) const;
+        std::optional<str> load_as_string(const url& url) const;
         stdex::promise<str> load_as_string_async(const url& url) const;
 
         template < typename Iter >
diff --git a/headers/enduro2d/core/window.hpp b/headers/enduro2d/core/window.hpp
index 32c0781d..ddbb7501 100644
--- a/headers/enduro2d/core/window.hpp
+++ b/headers/enduro2d/core/window.hpp
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ namespace e2d
         std::unique_ptr<state> state_;
     };
 
-    class window_trace_event_listener final : public window::event_listener {
+    class window_event_tracer final : public window::event_listener {
     public:
-        window_trace_event_listener(debug& debug) noexcept;
+        window_event_tracer(debug& debug) noexcept;
         void on_input_char(char32_t uchar) noexcept final;
         void on_move_cursor(const v2f& pos) noexcept final;
         void on_mouse_scroll(const v2f& delta) noexcept final;
@@ -105,6 +105,18 @@ namespace e2d
     private:
         debug& debug_;
     };
+    
+    class window_input_source final : public window::event_listener {
+    public:
+        window_input_source(input& input) noexcept;
+        void on_input_char(char32_t uchar) noexcept final;
+        void on_move_cursor(const v2f& pos) noexcept final;
+        void on_mouse_scroll(const v2f& delta) noexcept final;
+        void on_mouse_button(mouse_button btn, mouse_button_action act) noexcept final;
+        void on_keyboard_key(keyboard_key key, u32 scancode, keyboard_key_action act) noexcept final;
+    private:
+        input& input_;
+    };
 }
 
 ENUM_HPP_REGISTER_TRAITS(e2d::window::cursor_shapes)
diff --git a/samples/sources/sample_00/sample_00.cpp b/samples/sources/sample_00/sample_00.cpp
index e85e2519..a3ddca95 100644
--- a/samples/sources/sample_00/sample_00.cpp
+++ b/samples/sources/sample_00/sample_00.cpp
@@ -96,13 +96,20 @@ namespace
             the<vfs>().register_scheme_alias(
                 "ships",
                 url("piratepack://PNG/Retina/Ships"));
+            
+            image texture1_image;
+            if ( !images::try_load_image(texture1_image, the<vfs>().read(url("ships://ship (2).png"))) ) {
+                return false;
+            }
 
-            shader_ = the<render>().create_shader(
-                vs_source_cstr, fs_source_cstr);
-            texture1_ = the<render>().create_texture(
-                the<vfs>().read(url("ships://ship (2).png")));
-            texture2_ = the<render>().create_texture(
-                the<vfs>().read(url("ships://ship (19).png")));
+            image texture2_image;
+            if ( !images::try_load_image(texture2_image, the<vfs>().read(url("ships://ship (19).png"))) ) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            shader_ = the<render>().create_shader(vs_source_cstr, fs_source_cstr);
+            texture1_ = the<render>().create_texture(texture1_image);
+            texture2_ = the<render>().create_texture(texture2_image);
 
             if ( !shader_ || !texture1_ || !texture2_ ) {
                 return false;
diff --git a/samples/sources/sample_01/sample_01.cpp b/samples/sources/sample_01/sample_01.cpp
index 63f315b7..6e9a9930 100644
--- a/samples/sources/sample_01/sample_01.cpp
+++ b/samples/sources/sample_01/sample_01.cpp
@@ -156,12 +156,14 @@ namespace
             the<vfs>().register_scheme_alias(
                 "ships",
                 url("piratepack://PNG/Retina/Ships"));
+            
+            image texture_image;
+            if ( !images::try_load_image(texture_image, the<vfs>().read(url("ships://ship (3).png"))) ) {
+                return false;
+            }
 
-            shader_ = the<render>().create_shader(
-                vs_source_cstr, fs_source_cstr);
-
-            texture_ = the<render>().create_texture(
-                the<vfs>().read(url("ships://ship (3).png")));
+            shader_ = the<render>().create_shader(vs_source_cstr, fs_source_cstr);
+            texture_ = the<render>().create_texture(texture_image);
 
             if ( !shader_ || !texture_ ) {
                 return false;
diff --git a/samples/sources/sample_02/sample_02.cpp b/samples/sources/sample_02/sample_02.cpp
index 1fd0a8a3..3f953597 100644
--- a/samples/sources/sample_02/sample_02.cpp
+++ b/samples/sources/sample_02/sample_02.cpp
@@ -111,12 +111,14 @@ namespace
             the<vfs>().register_scheme_alias(
                 "ships",
                 url("piratepack://PNG/Retina/Ships"));
+            
+            image texture_image;
+            if ( !images::try_load_image(texture_image, the<vfs>().read(url("ships://ship (3).png"))) ) {
+                return false;
+            }
 
-            shader_ = the<render>().create_shader(
-                vs_source_cstr, fs_source_cstr);
-
-            texture_ = the<render>().create_texture(
-                the<vfs>().read(url("ships://ship (3).png")));
+            shader_ = the<render>().create_shader(vs_source_cstr, fs_source_cstr);
+            texture_ = the<render>().create_texture(texture_image);
 
             if ( !shader_ || !texture_ ) {
                 return false;
diff --git a/samples/sources/sample_05/sample_05.cpp b/samples/sources/sample_05/sample_05.cpp
index 5d736c47..24917718 100644
--- a/samples/sources/sample_05/sample_05.cpp
+++ b/samples/sources/sample_05/sample_05.cpp
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ namespace
                 "audio",
                 url("rpgaudio://Audio"));
             
-            auto sstream1 = the<audio>().preload_stream(the<vfs>().read(url("audio://chop.ogg")));
-            auto sstream2 = the<audio>().create_stream(the<vfs>().read(url("audio://footstep00.ogg")));
+            auto sstream1 = the<audio>().create_stream(the<vfs>().read(url("audio://chop.ogg")));
+            auto sstream2 = the<audio>().create_stream(*the<vfs>().load(url("audio://footstep00.ogg")));
 
             if ( !sstream1 || !sstream2 ) {
                 return false;
diff --git a/sources/enduro2d/core/audio_impl/audio_bass.cpp b/sources/enduro2d/core/audio_impl/audio_bass.cpp
index d5706051..a00d401f 100644
--- a/sources/enduro2d/core/audio_impl/audio_bass.cpp
+++ b/sources/enduro2d/core/audio_impl/audio_bass.cpp
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ namespace e2d
     audio::~audio() noexcept {
     }
 
-    sound_stream_ptr audio::preload_stream(
+    sound_stream_ptr audio::create_stream(
         buffer_view sound_data)
     {
         if ( !state_->initialized() ) {
@@ -176,23 +176,6 @@ namespace e2d
                 state_->dbg(), sample, nullptr));
     }
 
-    sound_stream_ptr audio::preload_stream(
-        const input_stream_uptr& file_stream)
-    {
-        if ( !state_->initialized() ) {
-            state_->dbg().error("AUDIO: Not initialized");
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-
-        buffer file_data;
-        if ( !streams::try_read_tail(file_data, file_stream) ) {
-            state_->dbg().error("AUDIO: Failed to read file");
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-
-        return preload_stream(buffer_view(file_data));
-    }
-
     sound_stream_ptr audio::create_stream(
         input_stream_uptr file_stream)
     {
diff --git a/sources/enduro2d/core/audio_impl/audio_none.cpp b/sources/enduro2d/core/audio_impl/audio_none.cpp
index d2ced646..75069dc9 100644
--- a/sources/enduro2d/core/audio_impl/audio_none.cpp
+++ b/sources/enduro2d/core/audio_impl/audio_none.cpp
@@ -119,20 +119,13 @@ namespace e2d
     audio::~audio() noexcept {
     }
 
-    sound_stream_ptr audio::preload_stream(
+    sound_stream_ptr audio::create_stream(
         buffer_view sound_data)
     {
         E2D_UNUSED(sound_data);
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    sound_stream_ptr audio::preload_stream(
-        const input_stream_uptr& file_stream)
-    {
-        E2D_UNUSED(file_stream);
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
     sound_stream_ptr audio::create_stream(
         input_stream_uptr file_stream)
     {
diff --git a/sources/enduro2d/core/input.cpp b/sources/enduro2d/core/input.cpp
index 9fcdd1ed..fb917c63 100644
--- a/sources/enduro2d/core/input.cpp
+++ b/sources/enduro2d/core/input.cpp
@@ -370,32 +370,4 @@ namespace e2d
         state_->mouse.state_->frame_tick();
         state_->keyboard.state_->frame_tick();
     }
-
-    //
-    // class window_input_source
-    //
-
-    window_input_source::window_input_source(input& input) noexcept
-    : input_(input) {}
-
-    void window_input_source::on_input_char(char32_t uchar) noexcept {
-        input_.post_event(input::input_char_event{uchar});
-    }
-
-    void window_input_source::on_move_cursor(const v2f& pos) noexcept {
-        input_.post_event(input::move_cursor_event{pos});
-    }
-
-    void window_input_source::on_mouse_scroll(const v2f& delta) noexcept {
-        input_.post_event(input::mouse_scroll_event{delta});
-    }
-
-    void window_input_source::on_mouse_button(mouse_button btn, mouse_button_action act) noexcept {
-        input_.post_event(input::mouse_button_event{btn, act});
-    }
-
-    void window_input_source::on_keyboard_key(keyboard_key key, u32 scancode, keyboard_key_action act) noexcept {
-        E2D_UNUSED(scancode);
-        input_.post_event(input::keyboard_key_event{key, act});
-    }
 }
diff --git a/sources/enduro2d/core/render_impl/render_none.cpp b/sources/enduro2d/core/render_impl/render_none.cpp
index 11cd3f50..666dfd2c 100644
--- a/sources/enduro2d/core/render_impl/render_none.cpp
+++ b/sources/enduro2d/core/render_impl/render_none.cpp
@@ -188,24 +188,11 @@ namespace e2d
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    shader_ptr render::create_shader(
-        const input_stream_uptr& vertex_stream,
-        const input_stream_uptr& fragment_stream)
-    {
-        E2D_UNUSED(vertex_stream, fragment_stream);
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
     texture_ptr render::create_texture(const image& image) {
         E2D_UNUSED(image);
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    texture_ptr render::create_texture(const input_stream_uptr& image_stream) {
-        E2D_UNUSED(image_stream);
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
     texture_ptr render::create_texture(const v2u& size, const pixel_declaration& decl) {
         E2D_UNUSED(size, decl);
         return nullptr;
diff --git a/sources/enduro2d/core/render_impl/render_opengl.cpp b/sources/enduro2d/core/render_impl/render_opengl.cpp
index 6d97d659..ea0b497b 100644
--- a/sources/enduro2d/core/render_impl/render_opengl.cpp
+++ b/sources/enduro2d/core/render_impl/render_opengl.cpp
@@ -542,19 +542,6 @@ namespace e2d
             str_view(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(fragment_source.data()), fragment_source.size()));
     }
 
-    shader_ptr render::create_shader(
-        const input_stream_uptr& vertex,
-        const input_stream_uptr& fragment)
-    {
-        E2D_ASSERT(is_in_main_thread());
-
-        str vertex_source, fragment_source;
-        return streams::try_read_tail(vertex_source, vertex)
-            && streams::try_read_tail(fragment_source, fragment)
-            ? create_shader(vertex_source, fragment_source)
-            : nullptr;
-    }
-
     texture_ptr render::create_texture(
         const image& image)
     {
@@ -633,18 +620,6 @@ namespace e2d
                 state_->dbg(), std::move(id), image.size(), decl));
     }
 
-    texture_ptr render::create_texture(
-        const input_stream_uptr& image_stream)
-    {
-        E2D_ASSERT(is_in_main_thread());
-
-        image image;
-        if ( !images::try_load_image(image, image_stream) ) {
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-        return create_texture(image);
-    }
-
     texture_ptr render::create_texture(
         const v2u& size,
         const pixel_declaration& decl)
diff --git a/sources/enduro2d/core/vfs.cpp b/sources/enduro2d/core/vfs.cpp
index 506303e0..e37e2d5b 100644
--- a/sources/enduro2d/core/vfs.cpp
+++ b/sources/enduro2d/core/vfs.cpp
@@ -172,12 +172,10 @@ namespace e2d
             }, output_stream_uptr());
     }
 
-    bool vfs::load(const url& url, buffer& dst) const {
-        return load_async(url)
-            .then([&dst](auto&& src){
-                dst = std::forward<decltype(src)>(src);
-                return true;
-            }).get_or_default(false);
+    std::optional<buffer> vfs::load(const url& url) const {
+        return load_async(url).then([](auto&& src){
+            return std::optional(std::forward<decltype(src)>(src));
+        }).get_or_default(std::nullopt);
     }
 
     stdex::promise<buffer> vfs::load_async(const url& url) const {
@@ -191,12 +189,10 @@ namespace e2d
         });
     }
 
-    bool vfs::load_as_string(const url& url, str& dst) const {
-        return load_as_string_async(url)
-            .then([&dst](auto&& src){
-                dst = std::forward<decltype(src)>(src);
-                return true;
-            }).get_or_default(false);
+    std::optional<str> vfs::load_as_string(const url& url) const {
+        return load_as_string_async(url).then([](auto&& src){
+            return std::optional(std::forward<decltype(src)>(src));
+        }).get_or_default(std::nullopt);
     }
 
     stdex::promise<str> vfs::load_as_string_async(const url& url) const {
diff --git a/sources/enduro2d/core/window.cpp b/sources/enduro2d/core/window.cpp
index b1f29867..d0cd79c8 100644
--- a/sources/enduro2d/core/window.cpp
+++ b/sources/enduro2d/core/window.cpp
@@ -7,13 +7,10 @@
 #include <enduro2d/core/window.hpp>
 
 #include <enduro2d/core/debug.hpp>
+#include <enduro2d/core/input.hpp>
 
 namespace e2d
 {
-    //
-    // class window::event_listener
-    //
-
     void window::event_listener::on_input_char(char32_t uchar) noexcept {
         E2D_UNUSED(uchar);
     }
@@ -52,56 +49,77 @@ namespace e2d
     void window::event_listener::on_window_minimize(bool minimized) noexcept {
         E2D_UNUSED(minimized);
     }
+}
 
-    //
-    // class trace_window_event_listener
-    //
-
-    window_trace_event_listener::window_trace_event_listener(debug& debug) noexcept
+namespace e2d
+{
+    window_event_tracer::window_event_tracer(debug& debug) noexcept
     : debug_(debug) {}
 
-    void window_trace_event_listener::on_input_char(char32_t uchar) noexcept {
+    void window_event_tracer::on_input_char(char32_t uchar) noexcept {
         debug_.trace("WINDOW: on_input_char(uchar: %0)", str32_view(&uchar, 1));
     }
 
-    void window_trace_event_listener::on_move_cursor(const v2f& pos) noexcept {
+    void window_event_tracer::on_move_cursor(const v2f& pos) noexcept {
         debug_.trace("WINDOW: on_move_cursor(pos: %0)", pos);
     }
 
-    void window_trace_event_listener::on_mouse_scroll(const v2f& delta) noexcept {
+    void window_event_tracer::on_mouse_scroll(const v2f& delta) noexcept {
         debug_.trace("WINDOW: on_scroll(delta: %0)", delta);
     }
 
-    void window_trace_event_listener::on_mouse_button(mouse_button btn, mouse_button_action act) noexcept {
-        debug_.trace("WINDOW: on_mouse_button(btn: %0 act: %1)",
-            btn,
-            act);
+    void window_event_tracer::on_mouse_button(mouse_button btn, mouse_button_action act) noexcept {
+        debug_.trace("WINDOW: on_mouse_button(btn: %0 act: %1)", btn, act);
     }
 
-    void window_trace_event_listener::on_keyboard_key(keyboard_key key, u32 scancode, keyboard_key_action act) noexcept {
-        debug_.trace("WINDOW: on_keyboard_key(key: %0 scancode: %1 act: %2)",
-            key,
-            scancode,
-            act);
+    void window_event_tracer::on_keyboard_key(keyboard_key key, u32 scancode, keyboard_key_action act) noexcept {
+        debug_.trace("WINDOW: on_keyboard_key(key: %0 scancode: %1 act: %2)", key, scancode, act);
     }
 
-    void window_trace_event_listener::on_window_size(const v2u& size) noexcept {
+    void window_event_tracer::on_window_size(const v2u& size) noexcept {
         debug_.trace("WINDOW: on_window_size(size: %0)", size);
     }
 
-    void window_trace_event_listener::on_framebuffer_size(const v2u& size) noexcept {
+    void window_event_tracer::on_framebuffer_size(const v2u& size) noexcept {
         debug_.trace("WINDOW: on_framebuffer_size(size: %0)", size);
     }
 
-    void window_trace_event_listener::on_window_close() noexcept {
+    void window_event_tracer::on_window_close() noexcept {
         debug_.trace("WINDOW: on_window_close()");
     }
 
-    void window_trace_event_listener::on_window_focus(bool focused) noexcept {
+    void window_event_tracer::on_window_focus(bool focused) noexcept {
         debug_.trace("WINDOW: on_window_focus(focused: %0)", focused);
     }
 
-    void window_trace_event_listener::on_window_minimize(bool minimized) noexcept {
+    void window_event_tracer::on_window_minimize(bool minimized) noexcept {
         debug_.trace("WINDOW: on_window_minimize(minimized: %0)", minimized);
     }
 }
+
+namespace e2d
+{
+    window_input_source::window_input_source(input& input) noexcept
+    : input_(input) {}
+
+    void window_input_source::on_input_char(char32_t uchar) noexcept {
+        input_.post_event(input::input_char_event{uchar});
+    }
+
+    void window_input_source::on_move_cursor(const v2f& pos) noexcept {
+        input_.post_event(input::move_cursor_event{pos});
+    }
+
+    void window_input_source::on_mouse_scroll(const v2f& delta) noexcept {
+        input_.post_event(input::mouse_scroll_event{delta});
+    }
+
+    void window_input_source::on_mouse_button(mouse_button btn, mouse_button_action act) noexcept {
+        input_.post_event(input::mouse_button_event{btn, act});
+    }
+
+    void window_input_source::on_keyboard_key(keyboard_key key, u32 scancode, keyboard_key_action act) noexcept {
+        E2D_UNUSED(scancode);
+        input_.post_event(input::keyboard_key_event{key, act});
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sources/enduro2d/high/assets/sound_asset.cpp b/sources/enduro2d/high/assets/sound_asset.cpp
index 8262d16c..64b67f31 100644
--- a/sources/enduro2d/high/assets/sound_asset.cpp
+++ b/sources/enduro2d/high/assets/sound_asset.cpp
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ namespace
             return library.load_asset_async<binary_asset>(sound_address)
             .then([](const binary_asset::load_result& sound_data){
                 return the<deferrer>().do_in_worker_thread([sound_data](){
-                    sound_stream_ptr content = the<audio>().preload_stream(
+                    sound_stream_ptr content = the<audio>().create_stream(
                         sound_data->content());
                     if ( !content ) {
                         throw sound_asset_loading_exception();
diff --git a/untests/sources/untests_core/vfs.cpp b/untests/sources/untests_core/vfs.cpp
index 8309297f..ec1c4c71 100644
--- a/untests/sources/untests_core/vfs.cpp
+++ b/untests/sources/untests_core/vfs.cpp
@@ -33,15 +33,15 @@ TEST_CASE("vfs"){
             REQUIRE(v.read({"file", nofile_path}) == input_stream_uptr());
         }
         {
-            buffer b0;
-            REQUIRE(v.load({"file", file_path}, b0));
+            auto b0 = v.load({"file", file_path});
+            REQUIRE(b0);
             REQUIRE(b0 == buffer{"hello", 5});
 
             auto b1 = v.load_async({"file", file_path}).get();
             REQUIRE(b1 == buffer{"hello", 5});
 
-            str b2;
-            REQUIRE(v.load_as_string({"file", file_path}, b2));
+            auto b2 = v.load_as_string({"file", file_path});
+            REQUIRE(b2);
             REQUIRE(b2 == "hello");
 
             auto b3 = v.load_as_string_async({"file", file_path}).get();
@@ -135,15 +135,15 @@ TEST_CASE("vfs"){
                 REQUIRE(b == buffer("hello", 5));
             }
             {
-                buffer b0;
-                REQUIRE(v.load(url("archive://test.txt"), b0));
+                auto b0 = v.load(url("archive://test.txt"));
+                REQUIRE(b0);
                 REQUIRE(b0 == buffer("hello", 5));
 
                 auto b1 = v.load_async(url("archive://test.txt")).get();
                 REQUIRE(b1 == buffer("hello", 5));
 
-                str b2;
-                REQUIRE(v.load_as_string(url("archive://test.txt"), b2));
+                auto b2 = v.load_as_string(url("archive://test.txt"));
+                REQUIRE(b2);
                 REQUIRE(b2 == "hello");
 
                 auto b3 = v.load_as_string_async(url("archive://test.txt")).get();
@@ -157,15 +157,15 @@ TEST_CASE("vfs"){
                 REQUIRE(b == buffer("world", 5));
             }
             {
-                buffer b0;
-                REQUIRE(v.load(url("archive://folder/file.txt"), b0));
+                auto b0 = v.load(url("archive://folder/file.txt"));
+                REQUIRE(b0);
                 REQUIRE(b0 == buffer("world", 5));
 
                 auto b1 = v.load_async(url("archive://folder/file.txt")).get();
                 REQUIRE(b1 == buffer("world", 5));
 
-                str b2;
-                REQUIRE(v.load_as_string(url("archive://folder/file.txt"), b2));
+                auto b2 = v.load_as_string(url("archive://folder/file.txt"));
+                REQUIRE(b2);
                 REQUIRE(b2 == "world");
 
                 auto b3 = v.load_as_string_async(url("archive://folder/file.txt")).get();
@@ -174,17 +174,15 @@ TEST_CASE("vfs"){
             {
                 REQUIRE(v.read(url("archive://TEst.txt")) == input_stream_uptr());
 
-                buffer b0;
-                REQUIRE_FALSE(v.load(url("archive://TEst.txt"), b0));
-                REQUIRE(b0.empty());
+                auto b0 = v.load(url("archive://TEst.txt"));
+                REQUIRE_FALSE(b0);
 
                 REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(
                     v.load_async(url("archive://TEst.txt")).get(),
                     vfs_load_async_exception);
 
-                str b2;
-                REQUIRE_FALSE(v.load_as_string(url("archive://TEst.txt"), b2));
-                REQUIRE(b2.empty());
+                auto b2 = v.load_as_string(url("archive://TEst.txt"));
+                REQUIRE_FALSE(b2);
 
                 REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(
                     v.load_as_string_async(url("archive://TEst.txt")).get(),